Microhabitats of Woodland Centipedes in a Streamside Forest

Summers, Gerald; Uetz, George W.

doi:10.2307/2424661

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Had we sampled fragments smaller than 20 ha we may have detected an increase in abundance of Lithobius, but we have seldom found Scolopocryptops in fragments this small. Our findings are consistent with Auerbach (1951) who noted that L. forficatus is associated with areas of human disturbance, and with the findings of Summers and Uetz (1979) who found L. forficatus to be the most abundant in clear-cut habitats. Similarly, in a survey of North American woodland centipedes by Lee (1980), L. forficatus was only found along the edge habitat created by road cuts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Edge effects and intraguild predation in native and introduced centipedes: evidence from the field and from laboratory microcosms

2005

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Human alteration of habitat has increased the proportion of forest edge in areas of previously continuous forest. This edge habitat facilitates invasion of exotic species into remaining fragments. The ability of native species to resist invasion varies and may depend on intrinsic variables such as dispersal and reproductive rates as well as external factors such as rate of habitat change and the density of populations of introduced species in edge habitat. We examined the distributional and competitive relationships of two members of the class Chilopoda, Scolopocryptops sexspinosus, a centipede native to the eastern US, and Lithobius forficatus, an exotic centipede introduced from Europe. We found that L. forficatus was most abundant in edge habitat and S. sexspinosus was most abundant in the interior habitat at our field sites. Although L. forficatus was present in habitat interiors at 11 of 12 sites, there was no correlation between fragment size and numbers of L. forficatus in interior habitat. The native centipede was rarely found occupying fragment edges. We used laboratory microcosms to examine potential competitive interactions and to indirectly assess prey preferences of the two species. In microcosms both species consumed similar prey, but the native centipede, S. sexspinosus, acted as an intraguild predator on the introduced centipede. Native centipedes were competitively superior in both intraspecific and interspecific pairings. Our results suggest that intraguild predation may aid native centipedes in resisting invasion of introduced centipedes from edge habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Edge effects and intraguild predation in native and introduced centipedes: evidence from the field and from laboratory microcosms

2005

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“…Examples are: (1) the ground beetle Agonum dolens, which is considered a `riparian' species inhabiting river banks of running waters, but is found also alongside bodies of stagnant water, predominantly lakes (cf. Freude, Harde & Lohse, 1976; Lindroth, 1992); and (2) the lithobiomorph centipede Lamyctes emarginatus (= ` L. fulvicornis '), which is parthenogenetic, rapidly colonizes disturbed upland areas, occurs in floodplains worldwide, and has eggs resistant to inundation (Eason, 1964; Summers & Uetz, 1979; Dunger & Voigtländer, 1990; Zulka, 1991, 1999; Zerm, 1997; Foddai et al ., 2002).…”

Section: Faunal Composition and Survival Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freude, Harde & Lohse, 1976;Lindroth, 1992); and (2) the lithobiomorph centipede Lamyctes emarginatus (¼ 'L. fulvicornis'), which is parthenogenetic, rapidly colonizes disturbed upland areas, occurs in floodplains worldwide, and has eggs resistant to inundation (Eason, 1964;Summers & Uetz, 1979;Dunger & Voigtländer, 1990;Zulka, 1991Zulka, , 1999Zerm, 1997;Foddai et al, 2002).…”

Section: Lowland River Floodplains Of Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial invertebrates inhabiting lowland river floodplains of Central Amazonia and Central Europe: a review

2002

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1. Amazonian terrestrial invertebrates produce high population densities during favourable periods and may suffer a drastic decrease during occasional floods and droughts. However, the monomodal, predictable flood pulse of the larger Amazonian rivers favours the development of morphological (respiratory organs, wing‐dimorphism), phenological (synchronization of life cycles, univoltine mode of life), physiological (flooding ability, gonad dormancy, alternating number of developmental stages), and behavioural adaptations (migration, temporal diving) with numerous interactions. 2. In lowlands of Central Europe, the flood pulse of large rivers is less predictable than in Central Amazonia and is superimposed by the seasonal light/temperature pulse (summer/winter regime). Some terrestrial invertebrates show physiological resistance against inundation or drought, phenologies fitting the normal annual rhythm of water level fluctuation (quiescence or diapause of eggs or adult invertebrates), high dispersal ability and migration. However, most species survive simply using a `risk strategy', combining high reproduction rates, dispersal and reimmigration following catastrophic events. 3. The diversity of species in terrestrial invertebrates is lower in lowland riverine ecosystems of Central Amazonia and Central Europe compared with the respective uplands because of flood stress in these systems. However, floodplains in Central Amazonia possess a greater number of endemic species in comparison with Central European floodplains because of long periods of fairly stable climatic conditions in comparison with large palaeoclimatic changes in Central Europe.

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“…Short-term baiting has been used to study ant competition and diet (Ho¨lldobler andWilson 1990, Bestelmeyer et al 2000), but has rarely, if ever, been used to increase ant numbers in order to measure effects on other generalist predators. Because centipedes are also abundant generalist predators in forest-floor leaf litter (Summers and Uetz 1979, Lewis 1981, Wise and Chen 1999, we also examined their response to the manipulation of ants. 20) open plots on the forest floor in order to mimic subsidies to the ant community from the detritivore (carrion) and herbivore (seeds and honeydew) food webs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then documented how increased ant activity and density affected densities of spiders, and how such effects might cascade to Collembola, a major category of spider prey. Because centipedes are also abundant generalist predators in forest-floor leaf litter (Summers and Uetz 1979, Lewis 1981, Wise and Chen 1999, we also examined their response to the manipulation of ants. Spiders and centipedes together will be designated ''GP,'' since these two groups constitute the focal generalist predators potentially affected by changes in ant numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Effects of Ants on a Forest-Floor Food Web

Moya-Laraño

Wise

2007

Ecology

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Interactions among predators that prey on each other and are potential competitors for shared prey (intraguild [IG] predators) are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems and have the potential to strongly influence the dynamics of terrestrial food webs. Ants and spiders are abundant and ubiquitous terrestrial IG predators, yet the strength and consequences of interactions between them are largely unknown. In the leaf-litter food web of a deciduous forest in Kentucky (USA), we tested the direct and indirect effects of ants on spiders and a category of shared prey (Collembola) by experimentally subsidizing ants in open plots in two field experiments. In the first experiment, ant activity was increased, and the density of ants in the litter was doubled, by placing carbohydrate and protein baits in the center of each plot. Gnaphosa spiders were almost twice as abundant and Schizocosa spiders were half as abundant in baited plots relative to controls. There were more tomocerid Collembola in baited plots, suggesting possible indirect effects on Collembola caused by ant-spider interactions. The second experiment, in which screening of two mesh sizes selectively excluded large and small worker ants from a sugar bait, revealed that the large ants, primarily Camponotus, could alone induce similar effects on spiders. Gnaphosa biomass density was almost twice as high in the plots where large ants were more active, whereas Schizocosa biomass density was reduced by half in these plots. Although tomocerid densities did not differ between treatments, tomocerid numbers were negatively correlated with the activity of Formica, another large ant species. Path analysis failed to support the hypothesis that the ant Camponotus indirectly affected tomocerid Collembola through effects on densities of spiders. However, path analysis also revealed other indirect effects of Camponotus affecting tomocerids. These results illustrate the complexity of interactions between and within two major IG predator groups with disparate predatory behaviors, complexities that will have consequences for functioning of the forest-floor food web.

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Microhabitats of Woodland Centipedes in a Streamside Forest

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Edge effects and intraguild predation in native and introduced centipedes: evidence from the field and from laboratory microcosms

Edge effects and intraguild predation in native and introduced centipedes: evidence from the field and from laboratory microcosms

Terrestrial invertebrates inhabiting lowland river floodplains of Central Amazonia and Central Europe: a review

Direct and Indirect Effects of Ants on a Forest-Floor Food Web

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