“…The thermal plasticity of intertidal macrobenthos varies greatly at different spatiotemporal scales in the face of global warming and increasing occurrences of heat wave (Li, Tan, et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). Structural complexity of the habitat could provide microhabitat for intertidal species as "thermal refugia," and micro-scale physiological thermal tolerance can play an important role in determining whether species could survive in the face of extreme events (Li, Tan, et al, 2021;Lima et al, 2016). The accumulation of microscale physiological variations could enhance the macro-scale thermal resilience of intertidal species (Dong et al, 2017;Strain, Cumbo, et al, 2020), and thereby influence species distributional shifts affected by climate change (Bates et al, 2018;Li, Tan, et al, 2021;Liao et al, 2021;Schils & Wilson, 2006).…”