Microgrids and Heterogeneous Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability

Marnay, Chris

doi:10.1109/pccon.2007.373031

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It can be more convenient to differentiate the power quality levels for different types of electric consumers. A project in the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) [18] and a fouryear project in Sendai, Japan, [19]- [21] have demonstrated the need for multiple-power-quality-level (MPQL) service for future grids. A power quality control center is established to differentiate the power quality level for different areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary control of voltage unbalance compensation for optimal power quality in islanded microgrids

Meng

Tang

Savaghebi

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

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, "Tertiary control of voltage unbalance compensation for optimal power quality in islanded microgrids," IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., 2014, IEEE Early access. Abstract-In multi-bus islanded microgrids, the power quality requirements for different areas and buses can be different. This paper proposes a hierarchical control to realize optimal unbalance compensation for satisfying the power quality requirements in different areas. Primary and secondary controllers are applied to realize unbalance compensation for critical bus (CB) and at the same time, to make distributed generators (DGs) equally share the compensation efforts. Tertiary control, which inherently is an optimization method, is implemented to adjust the compensating effort of each DG considering the voltage unbalance limits in local buses and DG terminals. This method realizes multi-power-quality-level control in a multi-bus islanded system by optimally utilizing DGs as distributed compensators and saves the investment for additional compensation equipment. VUFUpper limits of VUF value on LB or DG sides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary control of voltage unbalance compensation for optimal power quality in islanded microgrids

Meng

Tang

Savaghebi

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

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“…Therefore, we can have loads with different levels of unbalanced voltage sensitivities. In this way, loads with similar sensitive level can be connected to the same sensitive buses [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary voltage unbalance compensation for three-phase four-wire islanded microgrids

Tang

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals &Amp; Devices (SSD14)

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Abstract-This paper proposes a secondary voltage unbalance control approach that compensate voltage unbalances in threephase four-wire islanded microgrid systems. It is implemented in the secondary control level of the microgrid hierarchical control structure. By sending information through low-bandwidth communication links to the primary control level, the required unbalanced factors at sensitive buses are achieved. Also, negative and zero sequence equivalent circuits and unbalance compensation principle are derived. Finally, real-time hardwarein-the-loop results show the feasibility of the proposed approach for different islanded scenarios.

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“…Aided by deregulation of electricity industries worldwide, which facilitates the relaying of price signals to promote economically efficient energy consumption and production, small-scale, on-site generation with combined heat and power (CHP) applications is becoming more attractive to commercial entities. There is also a movement towards more heterogeneous power quality and reliability (PQR), which is easier to implement via a dispersed network of loads and resources [1]. Although thermal distributed generation (DG) units are typically less efficient at converting primary fuel sources to electricity than central power plants, their closer proximity to end-use loads prevents transmission losses and enables CHP applications to reuse much of the waste heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of greenhouse gas emissions by optimal DER technology investment and energy management in zero‐net‐energy buildings

Städler

Siddiqui

Marnay

et al. 2011

Int Trans Elec Energy Syst

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The U.S. Department of Energy has launched the commercial building initiative (CBI) in pursuit of its research goal of achieving zero-net-energy commercial buildings (ZNEB), i.e. ones that produce as much energy as they use. Its objective is to make these buildings marketable by 2025 such that they minimize their energy use through cutting-edge, energy-efficiency technologies and meet their remaining energy needs through on-site renewable energy generation. This paper examines how such buildings may be implemented within the context of a cost-or CO 2 -minimizing microgrid that is able to adopt and operate various technologies: photovoltaic modules (PV) and other on-site generation, heat exchangers, solar thermal collectors, absorption chillers, and passive/demand-response technologies. A mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that has a multi-criteria objective function is used. The objective is minimization of a weighted average of the building's annual energy costs and CO 2 emissions. The MILP's constraints ensure energy balance and capacity limits. In addition, constraining the building's energy consumed to equal its energy exports enables us to explore how energy sales and demand-response measures may enable compliance with the ZNEB objective. Using a commercial test site in northern California with existing tariff rates and technology data, we find that a ZNEB requires ample PV capacity installed to ensure electricity sales during the day. This is complemented by investment in energy-efficient combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, while occasional demand response shaves energy consumption. A large amount of storage is also adopted, which may be impractical. Nevertheless, it shows the nature of the solutions and costs necessary to achieve a ZNEB. Additionally, the ZNEB approach does not necessary lead to zero-carbon (ZC) buildings as is frequently argued. We also show a multi-objective frontier for the CA example, which allows us to estimate the needed technologies and costs for achieving a ZC building or microgrid.

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Microgrids and Heterogeneous Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Tertiary control of voltage unbalance compensation for optimal power quality in islanded microgrids

Tertiary control of voltage unbalance compensation for optimal power quality in islanded microgrids

Secondary voltage unbalance compensation for three-phase four-wire islanded microgrids

Control of greenhouse gas emissions by optimal DER technology investment and energy management in zero‐net‐energy buildings

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