Microgravity simulation: physical and psychological workload evaluation tests in an underwater environment

Toscano, Elisabetta; Fubini, Enrico; Gaia, Enrico

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2004.02.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because of the complex requirements necessary to accomplish real EVA efficiently and safely, astronauts’ extensive training is highly relevant. Such training for EVAs is usually conducted in space-analogs like short-term microgravity during parabolic flight, but especially underwater (Bolender et al, 2006; Toscano et al, 2004). Underwater training enables astronauts to practice for EVAs in simulated weightlessness using original spacesuits, tools, and full-size mock-ups, and perform runs at full length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVA training and real EVA performed in the past required an increased cardiovascular demand and different levels of exercise intensity (Katuntsev et al, 2009; Paul, 2012; Stepanova et al, 2015; Toscano et al, 2004). Because it is well known from a series of studies that physical exercise interacts with human behavior, such as motor and cognitive performance (Chang et al, 2012; McMorris, 2016b), human performance during EVA might also be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVA training and real EVA performed in the past required an increased cardiovascular (Katuntsev et al, 2009;Paul, 2012;Stepanova et al, 2015;Toscano et al, 2004). Because it is well known from a series of studies that physical exercise interacts with human behavior, such as motor and cognitive performance (Chang et al, 2012;McMorris, 2016b), human performance is relevant for the successful completion of tasks and error prevention in microgravity to consider the increased physical demand occurring during EVA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity

et al. 2021

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Objective Investigation of cognitive performance during extravehicular activities (EVAs) in a space-analog setting. Background EVAs performed by humans in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) call for high cognitive performance during upper-body workload. Higher cardiovascular demands interact with cognitive performance, but no knowledge exists about EVA’s special requirements. This study simulates EVA-training underwater to investigate its effects on the executive functions inhibition and switching. Method In a counterbalanced crossover design, 16 divers (age: 28 ± 2.4 years; eight females) performed two conditions (i.e., EVA vs. Inactivity [INACT]) in 3–5 m submersion (diving gear; not in a space-suit). EVA included 30 min of moderate-, followed by 30 min of high-intensity upper-body exercise intervals, paired with EVA-specific cognitive-motor tasks. INACT included no exercise in submersion and neutral buoyancy. Both conditions included cognitive testing at pre, mid (after the first 30 min), and post (after the second 30 min) on a tablet computer. Reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy (ACC) were calculated for both tasks. Results ACC was significantly lower during EVA compared with INACT for inhibition (post: p = .009) and switching (mid: p = .019) at post ( p = .005). RTs for inhibition were significantly faster during EVA ( p = .022; ηp 2 = 0.320). Conclusion Specific physical exercise, intensity, duration, and tasks performed during the EVA might differently affect the exercise-cognition interaction and need further investigation, especially for future long-term space travel. Application Future research might serve to improve mission success and safety for EVAs and long-term space travel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity

et al. 2021

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“…As a consequence, swimmers could show a decrease in stance stability with respect to other athletes. Postural water conditioning could be comparable to those in 0g situation as demonstrated in studies on Neutral Buoyancy (Andreoni et al, 2000;Toscano et al, 2004). In Space research Neutre Buoyancy Test Facility (NBTF) are conducted quite to simulate weightlessness/microgravity conditions testing activities, equipment and procedures for "ergonomic" design (ALTEC, 2012).…”

Section: Postural Characteristics In Running Cycling and Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Human Postural Adaptation to Earthly and Atypical Gravitational Environment Effects of Sport Training on Stabilometric Parameters

Pizzigalli¹,

Cremasco²,

Cremona³

et al. 2013

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Earthly gravitational environment has been conditioned organisms evolutional transformations. Mankind evolution in acquiring the upright posture changed functional anatomical characteristics behaved in an almost stable environment (g = 9.81 m/s). Technological environment, up to the microgravity conditions, faces peculiar gravitational conditions that may affect locomotion, working capabilities and living situation. To understand human adapting capacities, some systematic knowledge may come from the study of trained persons such as those practising sports in different postures and environments. The aims of this study are to investigate whether long-term practice of a physical activity, in which body attitude and postural regulation are organized in different ways, can influence postural control and generate a "postural memory". Three groups of male athletes (average age: 22 ± 3 years, weight: 69 ± 9 kg, height: 179.6 ± 5.5 cm) were studied in 26 athletes (runners, bikers and swimmers). The protocol consisted of balance tests with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in bipodalic and monopodalic conditions. Bikers showed a mean velocity lower than swimmers both in EO (p = .004) and EC condition (p = .03). Also for mean velocity in M-L plane (p = .02) and for perimeter length (p = .003) during EO condition, bikers showed lower results. Moreover, bikers showed a more posterior position of the centre of pressure when compared to runners with EO (p = .02) and with EC (p = .03). These findings suggested that sport-specific physical training induce postural modifications on upright stance. Within the main results concerning the gravitational aspects appears paramount that swimming, the most 0 g sport (water is the best terrestrial 0 g simulator environment) gives the smallest postural memory conditioning. The studies about human postural control in normal condition, about postural modifications and memory induced by specific physical training in normal versus atypical gravitation setting, open a new perspective in anthropological studies on postural adaptations, ability and performance in extreme environments.

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Extravehicle Activity (EVA) Ergonomics Research in the Space Station

Wang

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Microgravity simulation: physical and psychological workload evaluation tests in an underwater environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity

Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity

Human Postural Adaptation to Earthly and Atypical Gravitational Environment Effects of Sport Training on Stabilometric Parameters

Extravehicle Activity (EVA) Ergonomics Research in the Space Station

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