Microgravity and Bone Cell Mechanosensitivity

Bacabac, Rommel G.; Loon, Jack J. W. A. van; Nulend, J. Klein; Brinckmann, Enno

doi:10.1002/9783527617005.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Microgravity‐induced bone loss is a major challenge for astronauts in long‐duration space missions 8 . According to Wolff's Law by Julius Wolff, 9 bone is always under remodeling to adapt to the mechanical environment it experiences.…”

Section: Bone Cell Csk In Space Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microgravity-induced bone loss is a major challenge for astronauts in long-duration space missions. 8 According to Wolff's Law by Julius Wolff, 9 bone is always under remodeling to adapt to the mechanical environment it experiences. From Earth to space, gravity changes from 1g to μg, which brings two types of mechanical changes to bone.…”

Section: Bone Cell Csk In Space Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cells respond to space microgravity through cytoskeleton reorganization

Yang

Tian

et al. 2022

The FASEB Journal

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Decades of spaceflight studies have provided abundant evidence that individual cells in vitro are capable of sensing space microgravity and responding with cellular changes both structurally and functionally. However, how microgravity is perceived, transmitted, and converted to biochemical signals by single cells remains unrevealed. Here in this review, over 40 cellular biology studies of real space fights were summarized. Studies on cells of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and immune system were covered. Among all the reported cellular changes in response to space microgravity, cytoskeleton (CSK) reorganization emerges as a key indicator. Based on the evidence of CSK reorganization from space flight research, a possible mechanism from the standpoint of “cellular mechanical equilibrium” is proposed for the explanation of cellular response to space microgravity. Cytoskeletal equilibrium is broken by the gravitational change from ground to space and is followed by cellular morphological changes, cell mechanical properties changes, extracellular matrix reorganization, as well as signaling pathway activation/inactivation, all of which ultimately lead to the cell functional changes in space microgravity.

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Section: Bone Cell Csk In Space Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone Cell Csk In Space Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cells respond to space microgravity through cytoskeleton reorganization

Yang

Tian

et al. 2022

The FASEB Journal

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“…While many cell types have already been tested in orbital flight, cultured human MSCs have never experienced real μg. In 2009, based on the bone researches performed at that time (van Loon et al 1996;Hughes-Fulford 2004;Knippenberg et al 2005;Hughes-Fulford et al 2006;Knippenberg et al 2006;Versari et al 2007;Bacabac et al 2007Bacabac et al , 2008Knippenberg et al 2009), we presented a spaceflight proposal to the "International Life Science Research Announcement 2009" (ILSRA 2009) convinced that a spaceflight experiment is the only way to clarify the influence of real μg on human MSC behavior and to help the identification of the molecular mechanisms for reversing bone loss that may be translated to human osteoporosis and in general to aged related bone pathologies. There is increasing evidence that most of the diseases related to aging are associated with a progressive decline in the number and/or function of SCs (Fukada et al 2014;Oh et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SCD – Stem Cell Differentiation ESA Project: Preparatory Work for the Spaceflight Mission

Versari

Barenghi

Loon

et al. 2015

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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Due to spaceflight, astronauts experience serious, weightlessness-induced bone loss because of an unbalanced process of bone remodeling that involves bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The effects of microgravity on osteocells have been extensively studied, but it is only recently that consideration has been given to the role of BMSCs. Previous researches indicated that human BMSCs cultured in simulated microgravity (sim-μg) alter their proliferation and differentiation. The spaceflight opportunities for biomedical experiments are rare and suffer from a number of operative constraints that could bias the validity of the experiment itself, but remain a unique opportunity to confirm and explain the effects due to microgravity, that are only partially activated/detectable in simulated conditions. For this reason, we carefully prepared the SCD -STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION experiment, selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) and now on the International Space Station (ISS). Here we present the preparatory studies performed on ground to adapt the project to the spaceflight Silvia Bradamante silvia.bradamante@gmail.com constraints in terms of culture conditions, fixation and storage of human BMSCs in space aiming at satisfying the biological requirements mandatory to retrieve suitable samples for post-flight analyses. We expect to understand better the molecular mechanisms governing human BMSC growth and differentiation hoping to outline new countermeasures against astronaut bone loss.

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