2022
DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1021-531r
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Microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease: The role of flavonoids and microRNAs

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. Microglial activation is an important pathologic hallmark of AD. During disease progression, microglial cells switch from an alternative or anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective profile (M2) to a classic or proinflammatory and neurotoxic profile (M1). Phenotypically, M1 microglia is characterized by the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways that cause i… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…In AD, it has been shown that microglia recognize soluble Aβ oligomers through different cell surface receptors, including CD36 and TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR9. The recognition by these receptors contributes to the activation of NF-κB, and consequent microglial activation and release of proinflammatory mediators, such as NO, IL-6, and IL-1β [ 3 , 4 ]. Also shown in studies with models of neuroinflammation using LPS, IL-1β, or Aβ oligomers is the effect of agathisflavone and other flavonoids in negatively regulating the expression of NF-κB and, consequently, of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NOS2, contributing to the reduction of neuroinflammation [ 3 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In AD, it has been shown that microglia recognize soluble Aβ oligomers through different cell surface receptors, including CD36 and TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR9. The recognition by these receptors contributes to the activation of NF-κB, and consequent microglial activation and release of proinflammatory mediators, such as NO, IL-6, and IL-1β [ 3 , 4 ]. Also shown in studies with models of neuroinflammation using LPS, IL-1β, or Aβ oligomers is the effect of agathisflavone and other flavonoids in negatively regulating the expression of NF-κB and, consequently, of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NOS2, contributing to the reduction of neuroinflammation [ 3 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The recognition by these receptors contributes to the activation of NF-κB, and consequent microglial activation and release of proinflammatory mediators, such as NO, IL-6, and IL-1β [ 3 , 4 ]. Also shown in studies with models of neuroinflammation using LPS, IL-1β, or Aβ oligomers is the effect of agathisflavone and other flavonoids in negatively regulating the expression of NF-κB and, consequently, of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NOS2, contributing to the reduction of neuroinflammation [ 3 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, we also demonstrated that agathisflavone protected neurons against the cytodestructive and proinflammatory effects of IL-1β, a key cytokine that is released by activated microglia via downregulation of NF-κB expression, an effect not observed in combined treatment with α and β estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists [ 24 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Flavonoids are of huge interest in numerous nutraceutical, pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic applications; they are a crucial ingredient. This is explained by their ability to control important cellular enzyme functions as well as their antioxidative [40], anti-inflammatory [41,42], antimutagenic [43], and anticarcinogenic capabilities [44][45][46]. According to numerous researches, flavonoids possess bio-logical properties such as antiallergenic, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and vasodilation effects.…”
Section: Biochemical Properties Of Flavonoidsmentioning
confidence: 99%