Microgel core/shell architectures as targeted agents for fibrinolysis

Kodlekere, Purva; Lyon, L. Andrew

doi:10.1039/c8bm00119g

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…HEK293T cells represent one of the most frequently used human cell models with well-described characteristics. , We use PNIPAM microgels, as their volume phase transition temperature is close to human body temperature and their characteristics can be tailored to fit specific requirements. , Furthermore, in their hydrophilic state, PNIPAM-based microgels essentially lack protein coronae. ,, However, in biomedical applications that require the use of swollen microgels, poly( N -isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM)-based microgels may be preferred. Since PNIPMAM exhibits a higher volume phase transition temperature (44 °C) than PNIPAM (32 °C), it remains swollen at body temperature. − To assess differences in cell interaction between the two polymers, we added PNIPMAM-based microgels to our experimental portfolio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics

et al. 2020

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The unique pH and temperature responsiveness of PNIPAM-based microgels make them a promising target for novel biomedical applications such as cellular drug delivery systems. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how the physicochemical properties of microgels relate to their interaction with cells. Here, we show that HEK293T cells take up PNIPAMbased microgels on a second-to-minute time scale. Uptake rates are determined by microgel size and cross-linker content. Using fluorescence confocal live-cell microscopy, we observe microgel uptake in real time and describe cellular uptake kinetics. Experiments reveal that small and less cross-linked microgels show faster uptake kinetics than microgels of larger size or higher cross-linker content. Only microgels that are larger than 800 nm in diameter and have cross-linking contents of 10−15 mol % do not show translocation into cells. Together, these results provide insight into microgel−cell interactions and generate quantitative information on the deterministic role of microgel architecturei.e., size and rigidityfor uptake by a prototypical human cell line.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics

et al. 2020

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“…For instance, it is easily possible to add a pH-response to the microgel particles by adding acrylic acid (AAc) as a comonomer during the precipitation polymerization [24,25]. In this context, not only PNIPAM-based microgels are investigated, but also microgels composed of poly- N -isopropylmethacrylamide (PNIPMAM) and poly- N , n -propylacrylamide (PNNPAM) have recently been extensively examined [26,27,28,29]. Similar to linear chains of PNIPAM, which show a coil-to-globule transition, PNIPAM microgels exhibit a deswelling process when the LCST of the polymer is reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Swelling Properties of Smart Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels by Copolymerization

2019

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The present study focuses on the development of multiresponsive core-shell microgels and the manipulation of their swelling properties by copolymerization of different acrylamides—especially N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM), and NNPAM—and acrylic acid. We use atomic force microscopy for the dry-state characterization of the microgel particles and photon correlation spectroscopy to investigate the swelling behavior at neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 4) conditions. A transition between an interpenetrating network structure for microgels with a pure poly-N,-n-propylacrylamide (PNNPAM) shell and a distinct core-shell morphology for microgels with a pure poly-N-isopropylmethacrylamide (PNIPMAM) shell is observable. The PNIPMAM molfraction of the shell also has an important influence on the particle rigidity because of the decreasing degree of interpenetration. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of the microgels is tunable by adjustment of the pH-value between a single-step volume phase transition and a linear swelling region at temperatures corresponding to the copolymer ratios of the shell. This flexibility makes the multiresponsive copolymer microgels interesting candidates for many applications, e.g., as membrane material with tunable permeability.

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Fibrin Matrices as (Injectable) Biomaterials: Formation, Clinical Use, and Molecular Engineering

Roberts

Bukhary

Leon‐Valdivieso

et al. 2019

Macromolecular Bioscience

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This review focuses on fibrin, starting from biological mechanisms (its production from fibrinogen and its enzymatic degradation), through its use as a medical device and as a biomaterial, and finally discussing the techniques used to add biological functions and/or improve its mechanical performance through its molecular engineering. Fibrin is a material of biological (human, and even patient's own) origin, injectable, adhesive, and remodellable by cells; further, it is nature's most common choice for an in situ forming, provisional matrix. Its widespread use in the clinic and in research is therefore completely unsurprising. There are, however, areas where its biomedical performance can be improved, namely achieving a better control over mechanical properties (and possibly higher modulus), slowing down degradation or incorporating cell-instructive functions (e.g., controlled delivery of growth factors).

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Microgel core/shell architectures as targeted agents for fibrinolysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics

Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics

Tuning the Swelling Properties of Smart Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels by Copolymerization

Fibrin Matrices as (Injectable) Biomaterials: Formation, Clinical Use, and Molecular Engineering

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