Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Review

Hassan, Sammer-ul; Zhang, Xunli

doi:10.2174/1573411015666181224145845

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, 189 clinical isolates were studied, and MIC was achieved among four hours that was a big reduction in operative time. In another study allotted with a similar platform, associate AST of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was achieved in nine days that's nearly sixfold reduction in microorganism growth in standard technologies (Hassan and Zhang, 2018).…”

Section: Micro Luidics As a Tool To Fight Against Amrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Current Progressions in Combating The Antimicrobial Resistance

Sain¹,

Manohar²,

Gowda³

2020

ijrps

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Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effect of antibiotics. It has become the most important cause of concern throughout the world. AMR may develop a variety of mechanisms, including resistance, weakness or due to a certain therapeutic failure. The three major causes of resistance were identified to be over usage of anti-microbials, over-prescription, increased agricultural usage. The mechanism which leads to the development of AMR were found to be Metabolic Inactive Persister cells biofilm formation, Swarming, Obligate intracellular microbes, Reduced uptake and efflux pumps, Modification of the antibiotic binding site, Production of competitive inhibitors. Research is still being carried out and few methods successfully delay or inhibit the progress of Resistance namely: Photodynamic therapy, which works on the principle of photosensitization, results in formation of ROS which destroy pathogenic cells, Vaccines, which strengthen the defence system to fight against foreign microorganisms efficiently, Antibiotic adjuvants, work by inhibiting any kind of mechanism related to the resistance increasing the drug’s antibacterial efficiency, Nano antibiotics which acts by interfering with the mechanisms for the development of the resistance and microfluidics give a better understanding of the bacteria and its superior antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Hence, in this review the above mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance as well the latest AMR combating strategies are been discussed.

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Section: Micro Luidics As a Tool To Fight Against Amrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Current Progressions in Combating The Antimicrobial Resistance

Sain¹,

Manohar²,

Gowda³

2020

ijrps

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“…These allow earlier knowledgeable treatments providing better chances to improve the health of patients as compared to the less ill-informed procedures performed while waiting for the clinical laboratory results [ 7 ]. One of the critical examples of this type of treatments is the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections where the results can take a few days to weeks to come from central clinical laboratories [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary-Driven Flow Microfluidics Combined with Smartphone Detection: An Emerging Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics

et al. 2020

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Point-of-care (POC) or near-patient testing allows clinicians to accurately achieve real-time diagnostic results performed at or near to the patient site. The outlook of POC devices is to provide quicker analyses that can lead to well-informed clinical decisions and hence improve the health of patients at the point-of-need. Microfluidics plays an important role in the development of POC devices. However, requirements of handling expertise, pumping systems and complex fluidic controls make the technology unaffordable to the current healthcare systems in the world. In recent years, capillary-driven flow microfluidics has emerged as an attractive microfluidic-based technology to overcome these limitations by offering robust, cost-effective and simple-to-operate devices. The internal wall of the microchannels can be pre-coated with reagents, and by merely dipping the device into the patient sample, the sample can be loaded into the microchannel driven by capillary forces and can be detected via handheld or smartphone-based detectors. The capabilities of capillary-driven flow devices have not been fully exploited in developing POC diagnostics, especially for antimicrobial resistance studies in clinical settings. The purpose of this review is to open up this field of microfluidics to the ever-expanding microfluidic-based scientific community.

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“…The reagents can be pre-coated on to the surface of the channels, and results are obtained via a portable detector/smartphone by merely dipping the device into the patient sample, after a short incubation. Therefore, this type of system can lead to the development of the ever-promised simple point-of-care (POC) devices sought after by the scientific community for decades [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capillary-driven flow microfluidics have a great potential as POC diagnostics, for instance, for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare [2,18]. Here, we developed a capillary-driven flow device which is simple to operate and allows loading multiple samples in a single device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of Capillary-Driven Flow Device for Point-Of-Care Diagnostics

Hassan

Zhang

2020

Biosensors

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Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics enables the diagnosis and monitoring of patients from the clinic or their home. Ideally, POC devices should be compact, portable and operatable without the requirement of expertise or complex fluid mechanical controls. This paper showcases a chip-and-dip device, which works on the principle of capillary-driven flow microfluidics and allows analytes' detection by multiple microchannels in a single microchip via smartphone imaging. The chip-and-dip device, fabricated with inexpensive materials, works by simply dipping the reagents-coated microchip consisting of microchannels into a fluidic sample. The sample is loaded into the microchannels via capillary action and reacts with the reagents to produce a colourimetric signal. Unlike dipstick tests, this device allows the loading of bacterial/pathogenic samples for antimicrobial testing. A single device can be coated with multiple reagents, and more analytes can be detected in one sample. This platform could be used for a wide variety of assays. Here, we show the design, fabrication and working principle of the chip-and-dip flow device along with a specific application consisting in the determination of β-lactamase activity and cortisol. The simplicity, robustness and multiplexing capability of the chip-and-dip device will allow it to be used for POC diagnostics.

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Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Current Progressions in Combating The Antimicrobial Resistance

A Comprehensive Review on Current Progressions in Combating The Antimicrobial Resistance

Capillary-Driven Flow Microfluidics Combined with Smartphone Detection: An Emerging Tool for Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Design and Fabrication of Capillary-Driven Flow Device for Point-Of-Care Diagnostics

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