Microfluidic whole-blood immunoassays

Abstract

Immunoassay is one of the most widely used biomedical diagnostic methods due to its sensitivity and specificity. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has the advantages of portability, integration, and automation. The combination of these two technologies leads to a pathway for point-of-care diagnostics using the unprocessed samples such as the whole blood. This article reviews the recent advancement and the major development in the microfluidic-based whole-blood immunoassays. After a survey of the recent studies on microfluidic whole-blood immunoassays, an in-depth review about the detection methods that can be miniaturized and integrated in the immunoassay chips is provided. Point-of-care diagnostics applications require developing a fully integrated, disposable, low-cost, and handheld microfluidic device for the whole-blood immunoassay. In this regard, some comments and suggestions for future research are given.

Современные Возможности Идентификации Новых Молекул-Мишеней Для Фармакологической Коррекции Проницаемости Гематоэнцефалического Барьера

“…Îäíèì èç âàaeíûõ ïðèëîaeåíèé ìèêðîôëþèäèêè ÿâëÿåòñÿ òåõíîëîãèÿ "ëàáîðàòî-ðèÿ-íà-÷èïå", ïîäðàçóìåâàþùàÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìèê-ðîáèîðåàêòîðîâ, â êîòîðûõ ôóíêöèîíèðóþò ìèíèà-òþðíûå êëåòî÷íûå ìîäåëè ðàçëè÷íûõ îðãàíîâ è òêà-íåé ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî òåëà. Ðàçâèòèå ìåòîäîëîãèè ìèêðî-ôëþèäèêè îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîëó÷åíèå íîâîé èíôîðìàöèè î ìåõàíèçìàõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ êëåòîê è âëèÿíèè ýíäîãåííûõ è ýêçîãåííûõ âåùåñòâ íà èõ ôóíêöèîíàëüíóþ àêòèâíîñòü [51], êðîìå òîãî, ìèêðî-áèîðåàêòîðû è ìèêðîàíàëèçàòîðû ïåðñïåêòèâíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â êëèíè÷åñêîé ëàáîðàòîðíîé äèàãíîñòè-êå, òîêñèêîëîãèè, â êîíòðîëå êà÷åñòâà ïðåïàðàòîâ [37,80]. Ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê ìîäåëÿì ÃÝÁ in vitro ìèêðî-ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñèå òåõíîëîãèè ïîçâîëÿþò ðåêîíñòðóè-ðîâàòü ñîáûòèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñ äâèaeåíèåì aeèäêîñòè âäîëü ýíäîòåëèàëüíîãî ñëîÿ êëåòîê è ðàçâèòèåì òàê íàçûâàåìîãî ñòðåññà íàïðÿaeåíèÿ (shear stress), â óñëî-âèÿõ êîòîðîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèå êëåòîê ýíäîòåëèÿ ñ ëåé-êîöèòàìè çíà÷èòåëüíî ìåíÿåòñÿ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî ñòà-òè÷íûìè óñëîâèÿìè.…”

Fast and Single-step Fluorescence-based Competitive Bioassay Microdevice Combined PDMS Microchannel Arrays Separately Immobilizing Graphene Oxide-Analyte Conjugates and Fluorescently-labelled Receptor Proteins

“…However, long analysis time, high sample volume, and complicated operation are still recognized as the problems to be solved by many researchers in this field. [1][2][3][4] Recently, a large number of studies on technological developments of microsystems, microchemistry, and fully automated analytical systems have been reported in attempts to solve these problems. [5][6][7][8] However, simultaneously solving these problems is still challenging.…”

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“…Microfluidic device or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) has provided a new era for chemical analysis (Elvira et al 2013;Livak-Dahl et al 2011) and offered great benefits for medical diagnosis (Rivet et al 2011;Jiang et al 2011). Since early of the 90s, LOC has shown advantages that include reduction of reagents consumption, reduced in instrumentation storage space and promised high throughput (Mark et al 2010).…”