Microfluidic strategy for coating and modification of polymer-bonded nano-HNS explosives

Yan, Fanyuhui; Zhu, Peng; Zhao, Shufan; Shi, Jinyu; Mu, Yunfei; Xia, Huan; Shen, Ruiqi

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.131096

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The other is the principle that the energetic material is dissolved in the solvent phase, the insensitive material is dissolved in the non‐solvent phase, and the core material is supersaturated and precipitated after the two phases are mixed. For example, Yan [24] used the chaotic convection structure to modify the coating of HNS‐based PBX explosives. This is somewhat similar to the spheroidization modification mentioned above, so that the adjustment of particle size and morphology can be achieved at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐step preparation and characterization of insensitive HMX@PDA particles with microfluidic technology

Yu,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to improve the security of 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX) preparation and application process, microfluidic technology was used to improve the crystal quality and surface coating in one step. Using polydopamine (PDA) as coating material, the insensitive HMX@PDA particles were prepared. The morphology, particle size and crystal form of HMX@PDA are regulated by supersaturation. When the concentration of HMX is 0.15 g ⋅ mL−1, the flow ratio of the two‐phase solution is 1 : 1, and the total flow rate is 10 mL ⋅ min−1, the properties of the samples were optimized to the greatest extent. At this point, the particle size of the sample was about 25 μm, SPAN value is 1.02, which is a stable β‐HMX@PDA at room temperature. Through the test, the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of HMX@PDA were 36 % and 56 %, which were 52 % and 28 % lower than that of raw HMX, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy of HMX@PDA was not significantly decreased. Thermal analysis showed that PDA inhibited the β→δ crystallization process of HMX at high temperature but did not affect the thermal decomposition process of HMX. This case of preparing HMX@PDA in one‐step with microfluidic technology provides a new idea for the desensitization of energetic materials in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐step preparation and characterization of insensitive HMX@PDA particles with microfluidic technology

Yu,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…In the civil field, heat-resistant explosive is mainly used in the perforating blasting equipment of oil and gas wells. 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], tetranitro-2,3,5,6-dibenzo-1,3a,4,6a-tetraazapentalene (TACOT) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], 2,2′,2″,4,4′,4″,6,6′,6″-nonanitroterphenyl (NONA) [ 12 , 13 ], 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and 2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] are commonly used in heat-resistant explosives. The energy level of TACOT is low and the synthesis steps are complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Recrystallization Process for Tuning the Crystal Morphology and Thermal Safety of Industrial Grade PYX

Zhang

Ren

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this study, the crystal appearance of industrial grade 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) was mostly needle-shaped or rod-shaped with an average aspect ratio of 3.47 and roundness of 0.47. According to national military standards, the explosion percentage of impact sensitivity s about 40% and friction sensitivity is about 60%. To improve loading density and pressing safety, the solvent–antisolvent method was used to optimize the crystal morphology, i.e., to reduce the aspect ratio and increase the roundness value. Firstly, the solubility of PYX in DMSO, DMF, and NMP was measured by the static differential weight method, and the solubility model was established. The results showed that the Apelblat equation and Van’t Hoff equation could be used to clarify the temperature dependence of PYX solubility in a single solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the recrystallized samples. After recrystallization, the aspect ratio of the samples decreased from 3.47 to 1.19, and roundness increased from 0.47 to 0.86. The morphology was greatly improved, and the particle size decreased. The structures before and after recrystallization were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed that no chemical structure changes occurred during recrystallization, and the chemical purity was improved by 0.7%. According to the GJB-772A-97 explosion probability method, the mechanical sensitivity of explosives was characterized. After recrystallization, the impact sensitivity of explosives was significantly reduced from 40% to 12%. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to study the thermal decomposition. The thermal decomposition temperature peak of the sample after recrystallization was 5 °C higher than that of the raw PYX. The thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the samples were calculated by AKTS software, and the thermal decomposition process under isothermal conditions was predicted. The results showed that the activation energy (E) of the samples after recrystallization was higher by 37.9~527.6 kJ/mol than raw PYX, so the thermal stability and safety of the recrystallized samples were improved.

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“…Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. On the one hand, defects play a key role in the initiation of explosives resulting from mechanical stimuli, such as shock loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons. In this work, the nano-scale crystal defects of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) single crystals were characterized by two-dimension SAXS. Deducing from the changes of SAXS pattern with sample stage rotating, we firstly found the parallel lamellar nano-scale defects in both RDX and HMX single crystals. Further analysis shows that the average diameter and thickness of nano-scale lamellar defects for RDX single crystal are 66.4 nm and 19.3 nm, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the lamellar nano-scale defects distribute along the (001) in RDX and the (011) in HMX, which are verified to be the crystal planes with the lowest binding energy by the theoretical calculation.

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Microfluidic strategy for coating and modification of polymer-bonded nano-HNS explosives

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

One‐step preparation and characterization of insensitive HMX@PDA particles with microfluidic technology

One‐step preparation and characterization of insensitive HMX@PDA particles with microfluidic technology

Facile Recrystallization Process for Tuning the Crystal Morphology and Thermal Safety of Industrial Grade PYX

Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering

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