Microfluidic reactor for the radiosynthesis of PET radiotracers

Gillies, James; Prenant, C.; Chimon, G N; Smethurst, Graeme J.; Perrie, Walter; Hamblett, I.; Dekker, Bronwen A; Zweit, Jamal

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.08.007

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the synthesis of 2-[ 18 F]FDG (Scheme 1), which is the most widely used clinical PET tracer for imaging tumors in oncology, [7] Gillies et al [8] applied the simplest form of microreactors: the assembly of three layers of thermally bonded soda-lime glass plates containing three holes as reactants inlets, an etched mixing disk in which the reaction occurs, and an outlet ( Figure 1). To synthesize 2-[ 18 F]FDG, two microfluidic reactors were linked together in sequence and connected to a series of reservoirs containing the diluted starting materials.…”

Section: Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Microfluidic Devices: A Breakthrough on the Microscale?

Audrain

2007

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Section: Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Microfluidic Devices: A Breakthrough on the Microscale?

Audrain

2007

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…Numerous groups have demonstrated the radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]FDG in polymer chips [8], glass chips [9], and capillary tubes [10]. This technology has been commercialized (e.g., Advion Biosciences "NanoTek" and Scintomics "μ-ICR"), and dozens of different radiotracers labeled with F-18, C-11, N-13, and Tc-99 m have been demonstrated [11].…”

Section: Microfluidics For Radiosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Radiochemistry in Microliter Volumes

Keng

Sergeev

Dam

2016

Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy

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Positron emission tomography (PET) provides quantitative 3D visualization of physiological parameters (e.g., metabolic rate, receptor density, gene expression, blood flow) in real time in the living body. By enabling measurement of differences in such characteristics between normal and diseased tissues, PET serves as vital tool for basic research as well as for clinical diagnosis and patient management. Prior to a PET scan, the patient is injected with a short-lived tracer labeled with a positron-emitting isotope. Safe preparation of the tracer is an expensive process, requiring specially trained personnel and high-cost equipment operated within hot cells. The current centralized manufacturing strategy, in which large batches are prepared and divided among many patients, enables the most commonly used tracer (i.e., [ 18 F]FDG) to be obtained at an affordable price. However, as the diversity of tracers increases, other strategies for cost reduction will become necessary. This challenge is being addressed by the development of miniaturized radiochemistry instrumentation based on microfluidics. These compact systems have the potential to significantly reduce equipment cost and shielding while increasing diversity of tracers produced in a given facility. The most common approach uses "flow-through" microreactors, which leverage the ability to precisely control reaction conditions to improve synthesis times and yields. Several groups have also developed "batch" microreactors which offer significant additional advantages such as reduced reagent consumption, simpler purifications, and exceptionally high specific activity, by reducing operating volumes by orders of magnitude. In this chapter, we review these "batch" approaches and the advantages of using small volumes, with special emphasis on digital microfluidics, in which reactions have been performed with volumes as low as~1 μL.

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“…Flow-through synthesis of [ 18 F]FDG has been reported by a number of groups in glass-based chips (Steel et al 2007), polymer-based chips (Gillies et al 2006b), and capillary tubes (Wester et al 2008) (Ungersboeck et al 2011). The design of Gillies et al (Gillies et al 2006b) seeks to maximize mixing and flow-rate and achieved an acceptable yield in only seconds.…”

Section: Flow-through Microfluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of Gillies et al (Gillies et al 2006b) seeks to maximize mixing and flow-rate and achieved an acceptable yield in only seconds. Commercially available flow-through radiochemistry systems include the Advion Biosciences "NanoTek" (Advion Biosciences, Inc.), and the Scintomics "µ-ICR" (SCINTOMICS GmbH (Anderson et al 2010).…”

Section: Flow-through Microfluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%