Microfluidic Platforms for the Isolation and Detection of Exosomes: A Brief Review

Raju, Duraichelvan; Bathini, Srinivas; Bădilescu, Simona; Ghosh, Anirban; Packirisamy, Muthukumaran

doi:10.3390/mi13050730

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The exosome populations are classified as EVs with a size between 40 and 100 nm [ 10 , 24 ]. EVs such as oncosomes, texosomes, ectosomes, microvesicles, cardiosomes, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes have been categorized according to their size, biogenesis, origin, and function [ 25 ].…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

et al. 2023

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that causes systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and joint abnormalities that result in permanent disability. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles found in mammals (40–100 nm). They are a transporter of lipids, proteins, and genetic material involved in mammalian cell–cell signaling, biological processes, and cell signaling. Exosomes have been identified as playing a role in rheumatoid arthritis-related joint inflammation (RA). Uniquely functioning extracellular vesicles (EVs) are responsible for the transport of autoantigens and mediators between distant cells. In addition, paracrine factors, such as exosomes, modulate the immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to transporting genetic information, exosomes convey miRNAs between cells and have been studied as drug delivery vehicles. In animal models, it has been observed that MSCs secrete EVs with immunomodulatory properties, and promising results have been observed in this area. By understanding the diversity of exosomal contents and their corresponding targets, it may be possible to diagnose autoimmune diseases. Exosomes can be employed as diagnostic biomarkers for immunological disorders. We here discuss the most recent findings regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles in rheumatoid arthritis and provide an overview of the evidence pertaining to the biology of exosomes in RA.

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Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

et al. 2023

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“…With the advantages of precise sample delivery channels, fast reaction kinetics, and automated analysis, the microfluidic device integrates target capture, analysis, and signal output, and is considered to be the most revolutionary assay platform. [ 8a,12c,36,57 ] In this section, microfluidic devices are classified into four types: channel microfluidic devices, droplet microfluidic devices, hydrogel microfluidic devices, and paper‐based microfluidic devices. The application of different types of microfluidic devices in exosome detection will be reviewed, including the upstream physical design of microfluidic devices and downstream detection methods.…”

Section: Overview Of Exosome Analysis Based On Four Types Of Microflu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Chips Fabrication and Integration for Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Detection

Sun

Gao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Exosomes are a type of small extracellular vesicles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because their expression levels are highly correlated with tumor development, exosomes are regarded as non‐invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, many exosome detection techniques are developed to provide a new way for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional techniques require the isolation of exosomes from body fluids before analysis, which usually relies on complex equipment and cumbersome operations. In addition, complex procedures may introduce impurities and thus affect the accuracy of the test. As an emerging analysis technology, microfluidic overcomes these shortcomings by integrating a microchannel for sample transport isolation and an exosome analysis module, showing great prospects in cancer diagnosis. This review will provide an overview of microchannel fabrication and analysis methods with outstanding compatibility for different microfluidic types, with a particular focus on microfluidic‐based exosome analysis methods that have the potential for clinical application.

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“…As a result of targeted design, microfluidic systems can increase the chance of binding between EVs and specific antibodies, thereby increasing the possibility of detecting EVs in a timely manner, and this could potentially lead to a rapid EV detection technique using microfluidic system. [ 115 ]…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Nanotechnology for Precision Theranostics

Xiao

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as important cell surrogates influencing many pathophysiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cancer progression, neurologic disease, and infectious disease. These behaviors enable EVs broad application prospects for clinical application in disease diagnosis and treatment. Many studies suggest that EVs are superior to conventional synthetic carriers in terms of drug delivery and circulating biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, opening up new frontiers for modern theranostics. Despite these clinical potential, EVs containing diverse cellular components, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites are highly heterogeneous and small size. The limitation of preparatory, engineering and analytical technologies for EVs poses technical barriers to clinical translation. This article aims at present a critical overview of emerging technologies in EVs field for biomedical applications and challenges involved in their clinic translations. The current methods for isolation and identification of EVs are discussed. Additionally, engineering strategies developed to enhance scalable production and improved cargo loading as well as tumor targeting are presented. The superior clinical potential of EVs, particularly in terms of different cell origins and their application in the next generation of diagnostic and treatment platforms, are clarified.

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Microfluidic Platforms for the Isolation and Detection of Exosomes: A Brief Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 87 publications

Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

Microfluidic Chips Fabrication and Integration for Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Detection

Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Nanotechnology for Precision Theranostics

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