“… Target analyte | Matrix | Sensor type | Performed image analysis | Optimum space | Hardware | Software | # Phones | Ref |
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species | lettuce | liquid assay (enzymatic substrate conversion) | grayscale intensity from B | NC | box and flashlight (flash adapted) | ImageJ, no app | 1 | [ 35 ] |
mercury (II) | tap water, serum | nanosheet with nanozyme activity (TMB conversion) | various RGB ratios | (G + B)/2R | no hardware, flash not specified | commercial App (colour assist) | 1 | [ 55 ] |
iron | meat and liver | chromogenic assays (1,10-phenanthroline, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-striazine, salicylate) for iron ions | RGB, Hunter-LAB, CIE-Lab, CIE-Luv, CIE-LCh, HSV, HSL ΔELab and ΔELuv | ΔELab and ΔELuv | box, white paper used as diffuser. Illumination with TL lamp | ImageJ, no app | 1 | [ 32 ] |
benzoic acid | 21 commercial food samples | μPAD using Janovsky reaction | sum of R and B channels | NC | box with LED and CMOS camera and additional hardware | in-house developed app | 1 | [ 56 ] |
gluten, cow milk, pH | milk, cheese, soil | lateral flow devices, ELISA, nanoparticles on filterpaper | channels of RGB, HSV, LAB and weighed RGB | R, G or B (depending assay) | no hardware compared with box, flash used | commercial app (RGB android) | 6 | [ 25 ] |
mercury ions, ochratoxin A and Salmonella | tap water | upconversion nanoparticle functionalised aptamers in lateral flow device | grey scale intensity of separate RGB channels | NC | 3D box with LED array, lens, dichroic mirror | ImageJ, no app | 1 | [ |
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