Microfluidic free interface diffusion: Measurement of diffusion coefficients and evidence of interfacial-driven transport phenomena

Nguyen, Hoang-Thanh; Bouchaudy, Anne; Salmon, Jean‐Baptiste

doi:10.1063/5.0092280

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…With the improvement of manufacturing technology, microfluidics has also been applied to measure liquid–liquid diffusion. − In the case of measurement by Y-shaped microfluidic tube, two liquids are injected into the two branches of the Y-shaped tube to form a diffusing mixed flow in the main channel, and then the concentration distribution is measured by optical methods, e.g., fluorescence and Raman imaging. The advantage of this method is that the time evolution of diffusion is transformed into a spatial distribution, so the measurement of the space-time distribution of concentration during diffusion can be achieved by measuring the spatial distribution of the concentration in the microchannel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Monitoring of Non-Fickian Liquid–Liquid Diffusion with a High Space-Time Resolution Fiber-Integrated Plasmonic Sensor

Huang,

Long,

Yang

et al. 2024

ACS Photonics

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Liquid−liquid diffusion is a complex but important process, for which there is still no perfect theory. Many experimental methods have been proposed to measure the liquid−liquid diffusion coefficient, but none of them can accurately monitor the diffusion process with a large space-time range and high spatial resolution. Here, we propose a method of point-topoint concentration detection by scanning an optical fiber microscale plasmonic sensing probe in liquid to in situ monitor the diffusion process of water and 50% glycerol solution. By this method, we have measured the concentration space-time diagram in the time range of 24 h and spatial range of ∼14.3 mm with a resolution of 15.2 μm. From this, we have observed a non-Fickian phenomenon where the diffusion process appears as a timedependent shift of the diffusion layer superimposed on its Fickian diffusive broadening and explain it by a non-Fickian diffusion model constructed by introducing the equivalent surface tension effect into the Fickian diffusion model. It has demonstrated the practicability and superiority of the high space-time resolution probe scanning method for in situ monitoring of various natural diffusion processes and disclosing new diffusion laws.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Monitoring of Non-Fickian Liquid–Liquid Diffusion with a High Space-Time Resolution Fiber-Integrated Plasmonic Sensor

Huang,

Long,

Yang

et al. 2024

ACS Photonics

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“…2005) and the measurement of material properties (Roger, Sparr & Wennerström 2018; Merhi et al. 2022; Nguyen, Bouchaudy & Salmon 2022). Capillaries are also considered to be idealised systems for modelling porous structures (Yiotis et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the evaporation of liquids from capillaries is crucial for applications such as microfluidics (Zimmermann et al 2005;Bacchin, Leng & Salmon 2022), inkjet printing (Lohse 2022;Rump et al 2023), heat pipes (Chen et al 2016), chromatography (Kamp et al 2005) and the measurement of material properties (Roger, Sparr & Wennerström 2018;Merhi et al 2022;Nguyen, Bouchaudy & Salmon 2022). Capillaries are also considered to be idealised systems for modelling porous structures (Yiotis et al 2007;Chauvet et al 2009;Chen et al 2022;Le Dizès Castell et al 2023), the transport of water across skin (Sparr & Wennerström 2000;Roger et al 2016) and film drying (Guerrier et al 1998;Salmon, Doumenc & Guerrier 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation of binary liquids from a capillary tube

Thayyil Raju,

Diddens,

Rodríguez-Rodríguez

et al. 2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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Evaporation of multi-component liquid mixtures in confined geometries, such as capillaries, is crucial in applications such as microfluidics, two-phase cooling devices and inkjet printing. Predicting the behaviour of such systems becomes challenging because evaporation triggers complex spatio-temporal changes in the composition of the mixture. These changes in composition, in turn, affect evaporation. In the present work, we study the evaporation of aqueous glycerol solutions contained as a liquid column in a capillary tube. Experiments and direct numerical simulations show three evaporation regimes characterised by different temporal evolutions of the normalised mass transfer rate (or Sherwood number $Sh$ ), namely $Sh (\tilde{t} ) = 1$ , $Sh \sim 1/\sqrt {\tilde{t} }$ and $Sh \sim \exp (-\tilde{t} )$ , where $\tilde {t}$ is a normalised time. We present a simplistic analytical model that shows that the evaporation dynamics can be expressed by the classical relation $Sh = \exp ( \tilde{t} )\,\mathrm {erfc} ( \sqrt {\tilde{t} })$ . For small and medium $\tilde{t}$ , this expression results in the first and second of the three observed scaling regimes, respectively. This analytical model is formulated in the limit of pure diffusion and when the penetration depth $\delta (t)$ of the diffusion front is much smaller than the length $L(t)$ of the liquid column. When $\delta \approx L$ , finite-length effects lead to $Sh \sim \exp (-\tilde{t} )$ , i.e. the third regime. Finally, we extend our analytical model to incorporate the effect of advection and determine the conditions under which this effect is important. Our results provide fundamental insights into the physics of selective evaporation from a multi-component liquid column.

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“…Understanding the evaporation of liquids from capillaries is crucial for applications such as microfluidics [228,229], inkjet printing [13,230], heat pipes [231], chromatography [232], and the measurement of material properties [233][234][235]. Capillaries are also taken as idealised system for modelling porous structures [6,236,237], the transport of water across skin [11,238], and film drying [239,240].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical hydrodynamics in confined multicomponent liquids

Raju

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When a system contains more than one liquid, each liquid will evaporate depending on the volatility and the composition close to the evaporating interface. Based on Raoult's law [50] and the non-ideality of the mixture, the concentration of water-vapor close to the surface is modified aswhere a w is the thermodynamic activity of water, x w the mole fraction of water in the liquid, and ψ w (x w ) the activity coefficient of water corresponding to x w [51]. For an ideal mixture, a w = x w and ψ w = 1. Thus, for multicomponent liquids, the local evaporation rate changes with changes in the local composition. Therefore, to determine the evaporation rates in such systems, one can resort to numerical simulations to easily account for the spatio-temporal changes in composition and mixture properties [46]. However, in Chapters 2 and 5, we will show cases where we can still analytically determine the evaporation rates for multicomponent mixtures, albeit under simplifying assumptions, which will be complemented by corresponding direct numerical simulations. Evaporation-induced secondary processesSimilar to pure liquids, evaporation of multicomponent liquids can produce capillary flow, thermal Marangoni flow, and buoyancy-driven flow. However, in multicomponent liquids, the secondary processes also result from the spatiotemporal changes in the composition. Thus, evaporation in multicomponent liquids can trigger phenomenologically richer secondary processes compared to pure liquids. Such secondary processes include fluid flows [44,46,52], nontrivial contact line motion [53], segregation [49,54], and phase separation [48] (Figure 1.5). We discuss a few of these processes below: (a) Solutal Marangoni flow by selective evaporation Selective evaporation of the more volatile liquid in droplets and capillaries results in spatial gradients in concentration. Such spatial concentration gradients can lead to gradients in interfacial tension. Surface tension gradients lead to flows which are termed as solutal Marangoni flows [46, 52] (Figure 1.5 a), in contrast to the thermal Marangoni flows that are caused by temperature gradients. The direction of solutal Marangoni flow depends on whether 1.4. EVAPORATION OF MULTICOMPONENT LIQUIDS 13 14 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.5. EVAPORATION-INDUCED SELF-ASSEMBLY OF PARTICLES 15 1.5. EVAPORATION-INDUCED SELF-ASSEMBLY OF PARTICLES 17 18 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4. System: Particles dispersed in an evaporating ternary ouzo droplet. Questions: Does modifying the surface properties of particles affect the supraparticles formed using self-lubricating ouzo droplets? If yes, which surface modifications have a stronger influence on the supraparticle formation? Chapter 5 System: Binary mixture of water and glycerol in thin capillaries. Questions: How is the evaporation of a binary mixture in a capillary different from that of a pure liquid? Can we analytically model the evaporation of binary liquid mixtures in a capillary? What are the important control parameters that determine the evaporation behav...

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Microfluidic free interface diffusion: Measurement of diffusion coefficients and evidence of interfacial-driven transport phenomena

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

In Situ Monitoring of Non-Fickian Liquid–Liquid Diffusion with a High Space-Time Resolution Fiber-Integrated Plasmonic Sensor

In Situ Monitoring of Non-Fickian Liquid–Liquid Diffusion with a High Space-Time Resolution Fiber-Integrated Plasmonic Sensor

Evaporation of binary liquids from a capillary tube

Physicochemical hydrodynamics in confined multicomponent liquids

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