Microfluidic flowmeter based on tunable polymer WGM laser

Niu, Ben; Shi, Xiaoyu; Ge, Kun; Ruan, Jun; Guo, Dan; Zhai, Tianrui

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2022.106563

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It should be noted that achieving a uniform unit conversion across all the reviewed flowmeters is challenging due to the specifics of the interrogation methods implemented in each case. As can be seen from the table, several technologies have been implemented to realize flowmeters for accurate monitoring and measurement of gas and liquid flows, including microelectromechanical (MEMS) 29 , piezoelectric 30 , electroconductive 31 , 32 and optical 6 , 7 , 33 – 35 sensors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the advantages of high sensitivity and small volume, whispering gallery modes (WGMs) resonator-based flowmeters have been extensively studied and a variety of flow sensors have been proposed and demonstrated. For example, a capillary flowmeter integrated with a dye-doped polymer with a sensitivity of 17 pm·sccm −1 has been reported in reference 6 . The shift in the laser peak wavelength reflected the flow rate due to temperature variations caused by the air flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microfluidic flowmeter based on a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary

Wang,

Mallik,

Wei

et al. 2024

Commun Eng

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Microfluidic flowmeters are a powerful and highly accurate tool, enabling precise monitoring and measurements of flows of gases and fluids in a range of applications. Here we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a whispering gallery modes flowmeter composed of a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary. Whispering gallery modes are excited by a tapered fiber coupled perpendicularly to the nested capillary. The air flowing through the capillary cools it down, which leads to a temperature-induced change of the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystals. This change in turn leads to a spectral shift of the whispering gallery modes resonances, which can be linked to the airflow rate in the capillary. The temperature change in the liquid crystals was simulated considering the heat transfer between the liquid crystals and airflow in the capillary, which indicated that the liquid crystals temperature decreases in a nonlinear manner with the increase of the airflow rate. A flowmeter with the maximum sensitivity of 0.3423 nm·min·mL−1 in the flowrate range from 0 to 2.52 nm·min·mL−1 and a resolution of 5.72 pm was demonstrated in our experiment. The proposed sensor provides a platform for whispering gallery modes flowmeters and offers the advantages of good stability, high sensitivity, and miniature size.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic flowmeter based on a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary

Wang,

Mallik,

Wei

et al. 2024

Commun Eng

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“…Optofluidic is an interdisciplinary subject jointly developed by microfluidics and optics, the combination of which has endowed optofluidic devices with several merits, including fast response, high sensitivity, and intrinsic electromagnetic immunity. 2 Most optofluidic flowmeters are based on the "hot wire" theory, [9][10][11][12][13] where different flow rates change the thermal conduction process, and the corresponding spectrum shift is detected by delicate optical structures such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPIs), and microfiber couplers (MCs) combined with various kinds of microcavities. Li et al 9 proposed a flowmeter based on micro-"hot-wire"-sandwiched FPI, achieving a sensitivity of 70 pm∕ðμL∕sÞ and a dynamic range of up to 1.1 μL∕s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum detectable change was around 9 nL/s at1 μL/s, but the device required a specialized fiber fabrication process, and the specific implementation of the fiber coupler has a great influence on the performance of the sensor 11 . Niu et al 12 . proposed a microfluidic flowmeter based on a tunable polymer whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser, achieving a sensitivity of 17 pm/sccm with a dynamic range of up to 50 sccm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow rate sensor based on high-order whispering gallery mode in optofluidic microcavity

Zhang,

Feng,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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A highly sensitive flow rate sensor based on high-order whispering gallery mode (WGM) in an optofluidic microcavity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The microfluidic flow rate can be measured by detecting the shift of the resonance wavelength of the high-order WGM, which is generated by coupling the ultrafine fiber cone with the microfluidic microcavity. The detectable flow rate range is 4 to 100 μL∕ min and is segmented into two parts according to the sign of the resonance wavelength shift. The resonance wavelength for the flow rate of 4 to 16 μL∕ min is blueshifted with a sensitivity of 48.8 pm∕ðμL∕ minÞ, and the resonance wavelength for the flow rate of 16 to 100 μL∕ min is red-shifted with a sensitivity of 26.3 pm∕ðμL∕ minÞ with the heating temperature set to 55°C.

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“…Due to the advantages of high sensitivity and small volume, whispering gallery modes (WGM) resonator-based flowmeters have been extensively studied and a variety of flow sensors have been proposed and demonstrated. For example, a capillary flowmeter integrated with a dye-doped polymer with a sensitivity of 17 pm/sccm has been reported in [6]. The shift in the laser peak wavelength reflected the flow rate due to temperature variations caused by the air flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic flowmeter based on liquid crystal filled nested capillary

Wang

Rout

et al. 2023

European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023)

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A novel flowmeter composed of a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the nested capillary are excited by a tapered fiber coupled perpendicularly to the nested capillary. The WGM transmission spectrum of the fiber taper was optimized to achieve the highest possible quality (Q) factor by moving the capillary along the axis of the fiber taper. The air flowing through the capillary cools it down, which leads to a temperature-induced change of the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal. This change in turn leads to a spectral shift of the WGM resonances, which can be linked to the airflow speed in capillary. A sensitivity of 0.242 nm/sccm has been demonstrated in our experiment. The proposed sensor provides a new platform for WGM flowmeters and offers the advantages of high sensitivity and miniature size.

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Microfluidic flowmeter based on tunable polymer WGM laser

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Microfluidic flowmeter based on a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary

Microfluidic flowmeter based on a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary

Flow rate sensor based on high-order whispering gallery mode in optofluidic microcavity

Microfluidic flowmeter based on liquid crystal filled nested capillary

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