Microfluidic Electrochemical Devices for Biosensing

Nesakumar, Noel; Kesavan, Srinivasan; Li, Chen-Zhong; Alwarappan, Subbiah

doi:10.1007/s41664-019-0083-y

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…As environmental monitoring requires sub-femtomolar detection and as contaminants in environmental samples can lead to rapid degradation of environmental DNA [ 60 ], surface-bound sensors will not be appropriate for environmental AMR monitoring unless they are coupled with an appropriate system to counter this limitation of biomolecule diffusion rates such as integration with microfluidics channels to address diffusion limits of biomolecules from the solution to the sensor. Such systems have already been developed [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Sensing Methods That May Meet the Requirements For An Environmental Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Requirement of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies for Environmental Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

Caron

Craw

Richardson

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is threatening modern medicine. While the primary cost of AMR is paid in the healthcare domain, the agricultural and environmental domains are also reservoirs of resistant microorganisms and hence perpetual sources of AMR infections in humans. Consequently, the World Health Organisation and other international agencies are calling for surveillance of AMR in all three domains to guide intervention and risk reduction strategies. Technologies for detecting AMR that have been developed for healthcare settings are not immediately transferable to environmental and agricultural settings, and limited dialogue between the domains has hampered opportunities for cross-fertilisation to develop modified or new technologies. In this feature, we discuss the limitations of currently available AMR sensing technologies used in the clinic for sensing in other environments, and what is required to overcome these limitations.

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Section: Sensing Methods That May Meet the Requirements For An Environmental Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Requirement of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies for Environmental Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

Caron

Craw

Richardson

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The sensitive quantification of specific biomolecules and analytes in biological fluids, drinkable water, or food has a key role in medicine, biotechnological, and environmental research [1,2]. The presence of specific biomolecules or ions above their normal levels in human fluids affects biochemical cycles and causes adverse health effects [3]. For example, diabetes is a chronic disease [4] and it is reflected by blood glucose concentrations higher or lower than the normal range (4.4–6.6 mM) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several highly specific and sensitive analytical techniques have been used to detect target analytes in biological or environmental samples such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [12], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [13], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [14] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [15]. The disadvantages are the high costs and the need for expensive equipment and trained personnel [3]. In recent years, the demand for disposable biosensors with high sensitivity, low limit of detection (LOD), repeatability, miniaturization, and cost efficiency has received increasing attention for early diagnosis and health monitoring [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the demand for disposable biosensors with high sensitivity, low limit of detection (LOD), repeatability, miniaturization, and cost efficiency has received increasing attention for early diagnosis and health monitoring [16]. Electrochemical biosensors (EB) are good candidates for scalable production of point-of-care (PoC) disposable devices [3,17,18]. They are a feasible solution for analyzing the content of a biological fluid sample by directly converting a biological event into an electronic signal [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focusing on the requirements of precise control of fluids, low reagent consumption, and parallel multi-analysis, the integration of biosensors with a proper microfluidics environment represents a valuable strategy, that has been intensely investigated in recent literature [1,3,16,17,24,27,28,30,31]. Thus far, the traditional technique adopted for microfluidic circuit fabrication is poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based soft lithography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Support-Material-Free Microfluidics on an Electrochemical Sensors Platform by Aerosol Jet Printing

Novo

Cantù

Tonello

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Printed electronics have led to new possibilities in the detection and quantification of a wide range of molecules important for medical, biotechnological, and environmental fields. The integration with microfluidics is often adopted to avoid hand-deposition of little volumes of reagents and samples on miniaturized electrodes that strongly depend on operator’s skills. Here we report design, fabrication and test of an easy-to-use electrochemical sensor platform with microfluidics entirely realized with Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP). We printed a six-electrochemical-sensors platform with AJP and we explored the possibility to aerosol jet print directly on it a microfluidic structure without any support material. Thus, the sacrificial material removal and/or the assembly with sensors steps are avoided. The repeatability observed when printing both conductive and ultraviolet (UV)-curable polymer inks can be supported from the values of relative standard deviation of maximum 5% for thickness and 9% for line width. We designed the whole microfluidic platform to make the sample deposition (20 μL) independent from the operator. To validate the platform, we quantified glucose at different concentrations using a standard enzyme-mediated procedure. Both mediator and enzyme were directly aerosol jet printed on working electrodes (WEs), thus the proposed platform is entirely fabricated by AJP and ready to use. The chronoamperometric tests show limit of detection (LOD) = 2.4 mM and sensitivity = 2.2 ± 0.08 µA/mM confirming the effectiveness of mediator and enzyme directly aerosol jet printed to provide sensing in a clinically relevant range (3–10 mM). The average relative standard inter-platform deviation is about 8%. AJP technique can be used for fabricating a ready-to-use microfluidic device that does not need further processing after fabrication, but is promptly available for electrochemical sample analysis.

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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials‐Based FETs for SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19 Virus) Diagnosis

Aftab

Iqbal

Hussain

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The emergence of infectious diseases that are quickly spreading, like the coronavirus (COVID-19), necessitates the development of efficient biosensors that can quickly detect and identify pathogens. It is essential to create sensitive virus detection methods in order to stop a virus from spreading throughout the world. It is determined that field-effect transistors (FETs) made of nanomaterials are potential candidates for rapid virus identification due to how easily the electronic transport characteristics of such an atomically thin nanomaterial can be affected by perturbations. Various FETs in this review article are investigated that are based on nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, graphene-oxide, and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) WSe 2 in order to show that they are promising biosensors in regards to quickly and precisely detect COVID-19. The conjugation of nanomaterials with proteins enables the direct delivery of antiviral agents to the host cells. This method also minimizes the off-target effects and enables the targeted interactions. This mechanism has produced encouraging results in regards to sensing or treating COVID-19. The high surface area and extremely small size of nanomaterials make them crucial in regards to the development of new detection methods. The point-of-care test method of detection is quick, simple, and user-friendly, and it only requires a small amount of a patient's blood. It does not require a laboratory or trained professionals. This overview of the current research that is conducted on nanomaterials will prove to be useful in the process of formulating strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination of viruses in opinion. Finally, the conclusion of this review provides a summary of the current challenges and the future prospects.

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Microfluidic Electrochemical Devices for Biosensing

Cited by 54 publications

References 75 publications

The Requirement of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies for Environmental Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

The Requirement of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies for Environmental Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

Support-Material-Free Microfluidics on an Electrochemical Sensors Platform by Aerosol Jet Printing

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials‐Based FETs for SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19 Virus) Diagnosis

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