Microfluidic Contact Lenses

Jiang, Nan; Montelongo, Yunuen; Butt, Haider; Yetisen, Ali K.

doi:10.1002/smll.201704363

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Microfluidic contact lenses have been fabricated by laser ablation and fiber templating. A microlithography method has been developed to create microconcavities and microchannels in contact lenses . The microfluidic channel diameters ranged from 100 to 150 µm and their stability properties were evaluated by flow testing of artificial fluid.…”

Section: The Rise Of Personalized Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearables in Medicine

et al. 2018

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Wearables as medical technologies are becoming an integral part of personal analytics, measuring physical status, recording physiological parameters, or informing schedule for medication. These continuously evolving technology platforms do not only promise to help people pursue a healthier life style, but also provide continuous medical data for actively tracking metabolic status, diagnosis, and treatment. Advances in the miniaturization of flexible electronics, electrochemical biosensors, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence algorithms have led to wearable devices that can generate real-time medical data within the Internet of things. These flexible devices can be configured to make conformal contact with epidermal, ocular, intracochlear, and dental interfaces to collect biochemical or electrophysiological signals. This article discusses consumer trends in wearable electronics, commercial and emerging devices, and fabrication methods. It also reviews real-time monitoring of vital signs using biosensors, stimuli-responsive materials for drug delivery, and closed-loop theranostic systems. It covers future challenges in augmented, virtual, and mixed reality, communication modes, energy management, displays, conformity, and data safety. The development of patient-oriented wearable technologies and their incorporation in randomized clinical trials will facilitate the design of safe and effective approaches.

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Section: The Rise Of Personalized Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microfluidic contact lenses were also functionalized with fluorophores to demonstrate their optical emission capabilities in the visible spectrum. Microfluidic contact lenses may allow sampling tear fluid for multiplexed sensing in vivo and they may simultaneously deliver drugs to the eye …”

Section: The Rise Of Personalized Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Wearables in Medicine

et al. 2018

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“…Hence, high dose and dosing frequency of eye drops is prescribed to compensate for the low bioavailability, but it causes the side effects and reduces patient compliance [7,8]. To address these drawbacks, therapeutic contact lenses have been proposed for ocular drug delivery, due to their unique properties such as extended wear, high corneal bioavailability (more than 50%) and long drug residence time (over 30 min) in comparison to the eye drop therapy [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The current researches mainly focused on passive drug delivery through sustained diffusion, which still has long release duration and reduced patient compliance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic micropump embedded in contact lens for on-demand drug delivery

Wang

Park

2020

Micro and Nano Syst Lett

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In this paper, we report a thin magnetic micropump embedded in contact lens, which is capable of on-demand one-directional drug delivery. The proposed micropump can be actuated by the external magnetic field whenever needed without the need of battery. A micro check valve was integrated with the micropump for one-directional drug delivery from the micropump to the post-lens tear film. With actuation of the external magnetic field, the micro check valve is opened, and on-demand drug release can be realized. On the contrary, without an external magnetic field, the micro check valve is closed, and the undesired drug diffusion can be prevented. Through the control of the strength and the frequency of the magnetic field pulse, on-demand drug release and controlled dose can be realized. Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…The scleral lens sensor consisted of fluorescent probes to quantitatively measure pH value and electrolyte (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Zn 2+ ions) concentrations within the physiological range. To multiplex the fluorescent probes, a scleral lens was engraved using a CO 2 laser to produce concavities . A leak‐proof scleral lens was fabricated by bonding a silicone hydrogel membrane to create fully enclosed microfluidic channels and concavities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the sensitivity of DA15C5 was limited within the physiological range. One approach to solve this problem could be to use a microfluidic dilution component in the scleral lens concavity . Another approach could be to use a Na + ion probe with higher K d values (80 mmol L −1 ) .…”

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Scleral Lens Sensor for Ocular Electrolyte Analysis

et al. 2019

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The quantitative analysis of tear analytes in point‐of‐care settings can enable early diagnosis of ocular diseases. Here, a fluorescent scleral lens sensor is developed to quantitatively measure physiological levels of pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ ions. Benzenedicarboxylic acid, a pH probe, displays a sensitivity of 0.12 pH units within pH 7.0–8.0. Crown ether derivatives exhibit selectivity to Na+ and K+ ions within detection ranges of 0–100 and 0–50 mmol L−1, and selectivities of 15.6 and 8.1 mmol L−1, respectively. A 1,2 bis(o‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,‐N',N'‐tetraacetic‐acid‐based probe allows Ca2+ ion sensing with 0.02–0.05 mmol L−1 sensitivity within 0.50–1.25 mmol L−1 detection range. 5‐Oxazolecarboxylic acid senses Mg2+ ions, exhibiting a sensitivity of 0.10–0.44 mmol L−1 within the range of 0.5–0.8 mmol L−1. The N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)iminodiacetate Zn2+ ion sensor has a sensitivity of 1 µmol L−1 within the range of 10–20 µmol L−1. The fluorescent sensors are subsequently multiplexed in the concavities of an engraved scleral lens. A handheld ophthalmic readout device comprising light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and bandpass filters is fabricated to excite as well as read the scleral sensor. A smartphone camera application and an user interface are developed to deliver quantitative measurements with data deconvolution. The ophthalmic system enables the assessment of dry eye severity stages and the differentiation of its subtypes.

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Microfluidic Contact Lenses

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Wearables in Medicine

Wearables in Medicine

Magnetic micropump embedded in contact lens for on-demand drug delivery

Scleral Lens Sensor for Ocular Electrolyte Analysis

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