Microfluidic coaxial transmission line and phase shifter

Hayes, Gerard J.; Desai, Sharvil; Liu, Yuyu; Annamaa, Petteri; Lazzi, Gianluca; Dickey, Michael D.

doi:10.1002/mop.28327

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The spectral properties of an antenna are a function of its shape; thus the ability to both physically deform and manipulate the shape of liquid metal offers unique possibilities for tunable and reconfigurable antennas. Liquid metal injected into microchannels has been utilized to make many types of antennas including dipoles ( Figure a,b), loops (Figure c), coils and inductors (Figure d), patch antennas (Figure e), radio‐frequency antennas (Figure f), spherical caps, phase shifting coaxial transmission lines, monopoles, and reconfigurable antennas and filters . There are many more examples that utilize Hg.…”

Section: Stretchable Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

2017

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can be patterned into non-spherical shapes using both conventional and unconventional methods to form highly conductive, durable, and stretchable wires, interconnects, and antennas. The deformation limits of conductors formed with liquid metal are only limited -in principle -by the mechanical properties of the encasing material. The geometrical changes to the metal during deformation can be harnessed to form softer-than-skin sensors of strain and touch. Liquid metals can also be utilized as active components in memory devices, diodes, electrodes, and capacitors built entirely from soft materials. In addition, liquid metals can form circuits that are self-healing and shape-reconfigurable.There are many exciting and promising applications that harness the unique properties of liquid metals. Recent advances, opportunities, and challenges with liquid metals based on gallium within the context of stretchable and soft electronics are discussed here.

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Section: Stretchable Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

2017

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“… 78 − 82 Our group 83 and others 84 − 86 showed that it is possible to form stretchable antennas using the metal. A variety of antennas are possible including patch antennas (useful for GPS), 87 phase-shifting coaxial cables, 88 coil antennas (useful for wireless power transfer), 89 unbalanced loop antennas, 84 frequency selective surfaces, 90 and plasmonic structures. 91 , 92 Figure 7 shows photographs of several examples of liquid metal antennas.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Applications of Liquid Metals Featuring Surface Oxides

Dickey

2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Gallium and several of its alloys are liquid metals at or near room temperature. Gallium has low toxicity, essentially no vapor pressure, and a low viscosity. Despite these desirable properties, applications calling for liquid metal often use toxic mercury because gallium forms a thin oxide layer on its surface. The oxide interferes with electrochemical measurements, alters the physicochemical properties of the surface, and changes the fluid dynamic behavior of the metal in a way that has, until recently, been considered a nuisance. Here, we show that this solid oxide “skin” enables many new applications for liquid metals including soft electrodes and sensors, functional microcomponents for microfluidic devices, self-healing circuits, shape-reconfigurable conductors, and stretchable antennas, wires, and interconnects.

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“…Previously, patterning of liquid metals by direct writing and filling predefined microchannels has been demonstrated . Furthermore, the use of liquid metal as conductors, capacitors, and antennas has been shown. The illustrated circuit and sensor applications include embedded elastomer conductors, hyperelastic pressure sensors, stretchable radiation sensors, passive wireless sensors, deformable and tunable fluidic antennas, and tactile interfaces …”

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confidence: 99%

Application of 3D Printing for Smart Objects with Embedded Electronic Sensors and Systems

Ota

Emaminejad

Gao

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Technologies

195

140

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the printing process. Previously, patterning of liquid metals by direct writing [ 9 ] and fi lling predefi ned microchannels has been demonstrated. [ 10-12 ] Furthermore, the use of liquid metal as conductors, [ 13,14 ] capacitors, [ 15 ] and antennas [ 16-24 ] has been shown. The illustrated circuit and sensor applications include embedded elastomer conductors, [ 13 ] hyperelastic pressure sensors, [ 10 ] stretchable radiation sensors, [ 17 ] passive wireless sensors, [ 11 ] deformable and tunable fl uidic antennas, [ 25 ] and tac-tile interfaces. [ 26 ] Given these advances, 3D printing can now be exploited to develop 3D electronic systems embedded within printed objects that facilitate personalized sensing and actuation function-alities. To illustrate this capability, we particularly demonstrate 3D printing of two fully integrated objects that deliver various sensing, actuation, and signal processing operations. These objects embed liquid metal-based passive/active components and commercially available silicon integrated circuits (ICs) to achieve the envisioned functionalities. The fi rst object demonstrates the capability of 3D printing approach to embed multi-layer electronic circuit boards within 3D structures. The second object demonstrates the application of 3D printing process to deliver wearable platforms that are specifi cally tailored to an individual's body and needs. Specifi cally, a form-fi tting glove is developed with embedded programmable heater, temperature sensor, and the associated control electronics for thermothera-peutic treatment. The process enables assembly of electronic components into complex 3D architectures and provides a new platform for creating personalized smart objects. As exemplifi ed in Figure 1 a, conductive channels are printed within an object (e.g., a glove) in various confi gurations to realize 3D liquid-state sensors, actuators, and circuit components (resistors, capacitors, and antennas). These components can be tunably printed within both stretchable and rigid sub-strates and can provide standalone functionalities. The channels are also used as interconnects to integrate readily available silicon IC chips and realize fully embedded systems inside the printed object. Integration of silicon IC chips enables advanced circuit functionalities that would not have been achieved otherwise by 3D printed liquid-state components alone. Figure 1 be illustrates the corresponding fabrication scheme. First, as shown in Figure 1 b, a base substrate, containing microchan-nels and slots for the integrated components, is fabricated by a 3D printer (MakerGear and Leapfrog). Second, the microchan-nels are injected with liquid metal to form the liquid-based circuit components, devices, and interconnects (Figure 1 c). Third, IC chips and other solid state electronic components including discrete resistors and capacitors are embedded within the Aligned with the vision of "Internet of Things," it is expected that the number of interconnected devices, equipped with sensing and actuation funct...

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Microfluidic coaxial transmission line and phase shifter

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

Emerging Applications of Liquid Metals Featuring Surface Oxides

Application of 3D Printing for Smart Objects with Embedded Electronic Sensors and Systems

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