“…If any of these bacteria contain ARGs, the abundance of these genes will increase in the final product. One of the most abundant species in kefir grains, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (Chen et al., 2024 ; Tóth, Csabai, Maróti, et al., 2020 ; Zeng et al., 2022 ), was associated with the high abundance of beta‐lactam resistance genes found in them (Zeng et al., 2022 ). Similarly, high relative abundance of genes associated with multidrug resistance have been reported in kefir, linked to the presence in L. kefiranofaciens of the poxtA gene.…”