Microflora and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Qu

Yokoyama, Naoyuki; Tanaka, Kazuyoshi; Du, L; Aramaki, Isao; Kizaki, Yasuzo; Kobayashi, Shinya; Okazaki, Naoto

doi:10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.89.72

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“…A Chinese alcoholic starter culture, Qu, showed diverse mycobiota as found in Nuruk. The genus Absidia was predominant in Qu [Yokoyama et al, 1994], and recent studies reported that representative fungal species associated with Qu were Absidia corymbifera, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizomucor pusillus, Aspergillus oryzae, and Emericella nidulans [Xie et al, 2007]. However, the proportion of Aspergillus species in Qu was very small compared with that in Nuruk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Fungi associated with the traditional starter cultures used for rice wine in Korea

Yang

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2011

J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem

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The 'Nuruk' starter culture has been used for many years in the fermentation of rice wine in Korea. In present study, mycobiota in Nuruk cultures was identified by performing morphological, physiological, and phylogenetical analyses. Mucorales was the most common mycobiota in Nuruk, followed by yeast and Aspergillus. The composition of fungal species in Nuruk was different among samples and did not correlate with the geographical location from where the Nuruk culture was manufactured. For more detailed identification, 174 filamentous fungal strains were isolated from 39 Nuruk samples. Although the morphological and molecular analyses showed that the strains were identical at the genus level, some discordance was identified between species. Of the 174 strains, 160 showed thermotolerance, and the level of thermotolerance matched the clade generated by phylogenetic analysis. Six genera (Lichtheimia, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, and Syncephalastrum) and 17 fungal species were identified. Among the genera, the genus Syncephalastrum had not been previously identified in Nuruk cultures, and the isolate was identified as Syncephalastrum racemosum. Two genera, Lichtheimia and Aspergillus, comprised approximately 84% of the filamentous fungal isolates from the Nuruk samples, and Lichtheimia ramosa and Aspergillus oryzae were the most commonly found species. The controversy regarding the presence of mycobiota in Nuruk starter cultures was addressed, and results showed that Nuruk contains unique mycobiota not yet found in other Asian starter cultures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%