Microfibrillated cellulose foams obtained by a straightforward freeze–thawing–drying procedure

Josset, Sébastien; Hansen, L. A.; Orsolini, Paola; Griffa, Michele; Kuzior, Olga; Weisse, Bernhard; Zimmermann, Tanja; Geiger, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s10570-017-1377-8

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2). Microporous structures as often described for lightweight materials produced by freeze-drying of microfibrillated cellulose (Josset et al 2017; Lee and Deng 2011) were present with characteristic pore diameter of approx. 50 lm, but not very well defined in the structures observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…From a general view point of mechanics of cellular solids (Ali and Gibson 2013), which is in good (Ago et al 2016;Donius et al 2014;Jimenez-Saelices et al 2017;Josset et al 2017;Sehaqui et al 2010;Svagan et al 2011), the compression strength and stiffness of porous MFC materials is expected to show a positive correlation with increasing density (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Compression Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcing effect of poly(furfuryl alcohol) in cellulose-based porous materials

et al. 2019

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The mechanical reinforcement of porous materials made of microfibrillated cellulose by in situ polymerisation of furfuryl alcohol prior to freezedrying from aqueous slurry was studied. Besides a slight improvement in the modulus of elasticity measured in compression testing, no beneficial effects of furfuryl alcohol addition on porous materials produced from microfibrillated cellulose derived from bleached softwood pulp were observed. By contrast, when microfibrillated cellulose containing substantial amounts of residual non-cellulosic cell wall polymers, termed microfibrillated lignocellulose, was used, clear mechanical reinforcement effects due to furfuryl alcohol addition were measured. By means of SEM, significantly improved wetting of the cellulosic fibrillary architecture of porous materials with furfuryl alcohol was observed for microfibrillated lignocellulose compared to microfibrillated cellulose. It is proposed that the specific surface-chemical character of microfibrillated lignocellulose enables wetting of fibrils with furfuryl alcohol, thus providing micron fibre-reinforced structures with improved strength after in situ polymerisation. Besides mechanical properties, the density and thermal stability of cellulose-based porous materials were found to increase with increasing amounts of furfuryl alcohol added to the initial reaction slurry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Compression Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing effect of poly(furfuryl alcohol) in cellulose-based porous materials

et al. 2019

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“…23 In addition, the morphology observed in the foams of hydrolyzed fibers is similar to those of fiber materials obtained by foam forming method in the presence of surfactants, 7 which also may have a layered orientation perpendicular to the draining direction. 24 The random orientation of fibers obtained here usually does not occur in foams of CNF, because their preparation uses surfactants, which induces CNF accumulation at the water/air interface, producing a bubbly morphology that can appear in ambient-dried 17,18,25 and freeze-dried foams. 26 A more random assemble of CNF can be acquired using a method free of surfactants, but then CNF tend to align perpendicularly to the draining direction.…”

Section: Morphology and Structure Of Cellulose Foamsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Aqueous dispersions of hydrolyzed fibers were diluted to different final fiber concentrations (25,30,40, 50 and 63 g/L) and homogenized with a glass stirring rod. 33 g of each aqueous dispersion were transferred to polyethylene cylindrical molds (30 mm diameter and 48 mm height) with a permeable bottom of Teflon filter (70 mesh, Spectrum) and dried at 60°C in convection oven (TE-394/3, Tecnal), until constant weight (ca.…”

Section: Cellulose Foam Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Preparation of Cellulosic Lightweight Materials from Eucalyptus Pulp

Ferreira

Rezende

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cellulosic foams and aerogels are tridimensional materials prepared from cellulose fibers and nanostructures that display interesting properties, such as extremely low density, high fluid permeability, sound and heat insulation. Currently, the most common techniques to obtain such porous matrices are gel or foam forming, followed by freeze-drying or critical point drying, which are energy and time-consuming processes for solvent removal. In this work, we present a new methodology to produce cellulosic lightweight materials from eucalyptus pulp, using cellulose fibers partially hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid. This method is based on a drying step easily performed at mild temperatures around 60°C in a convection oven and eliminates the need of more sophisticated drying techniques. In addition, the procedure does not require the use of surfactants or special foam forming equipment. Micro-CT and FESEM analysis showed the formation of a porous and lightweight material (density as low as 0.15 g/cm³), where the fibers are randomly assembled in a 3D-network with a few contact points. Mechanical testing reveled that foams of hydrolyzed fibers have great performance under compressive strain, with high mechanical energy absorption (ca. 360 kJ/m³). This purely cellulosic material is suitable for the incorporation of particles or functional groups aiming a wide range of final applications.

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“…Other researchers have used freeze casting to create porous materials from plant components; for example, aerogels were made from CNCs [34], nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) [35], and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) [36], and hydrogels from xylan [37]. The addition of XG to MFC was found to yield aerogels with ultra-high porosity and better mechanical properties compared with pure MFC aerogels [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall

Kam

Chasnitsky

Nowogrodski

et al. 2019

Colloids and Interfaces

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Aerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this method direct cryo writing (DCW) as it encompasses in a single processing step traditional directional freeze casting and the spatial fidelity of 3D printing. DCW is demonstrated with inks that are composed of an aqueous mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), which are the major building blocks of plant cell walls. Rapid fixation of the inks is achieved through tailored rheological properties and controlled directional freezing. Morphological evaluation revealed the role of ice crystal growth in the alignment of CNCs and XG. The structure of the aerogels changed from organized and tubular to disordered and flakey pores with an increase in XG content. The internal structure of the printed objects mimics the structure of various wood species and can therefore be used to create wood-like structures via additive manufacturing technologies using only renewable wood-based materials.

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Microfibrillated cellulose foams obtained by a straightforward freeze–thawing–drying procedure

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Reinforcing effect of poly(furfuryl alcohol) in cellulose-based porous materials

Reinforcing effect of poly(furfuryl alcohol) in cellulose-based porous materials

Simple Preparation of Cellulosic Lightweight Materials from Eucalyptus Pulp

Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall

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