Microfabrication of pH-responsive 3D hydrogel structures via two-photon polymerization of high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates

Scarpa, Elisa; Lemma, Enrico Domenico; Fiammengo, Roberto; Cipolla, Maria Pia; Pisanello, Marco; Rizzi, Francesco; Vittorio, Massimo De

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.09.079

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As the illuminating power of the laser increased, the resonance shift increased. Other stimuli, such as temperature and pH changes, have also been employed to actively control photonic devices [132][133][134].…”

Section: D Printing Of Photoresponsive Materials For Active Optical mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

Jeong

Lee

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex optical components and metaphotonic structures that are difficult to realize via traditional methods. Conventional lithography techniques are usually limited to planar patterning, but 3D printing can allow the fabrication and integration of complex shapes or multiple parts along the out-of-plane direction. Additionally, 3D printing can allow printing on curved surfaces. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed structures and provides new avenues for active, reconfigurable optical and microwave structures. This review introduces recent developments in 3D and 4D printing, with emphasis on topics that are interesting for the nanophotonics and metaphotonics communities. In this article, we have first discussed functional materials for 3D and 4D printing. Then, we have presented the various designs and applications of 3D and 4D printing in the optical, terahertz, and microwave domains. 3D printing can be ideal for customized, nonconventional optical components and complex metaphotonic structures. Furthermore, with various printable smart materials, 4D printing might provide a unique platform for active and reconfigurable structures. Therefore, 3D and 4D printing can introduce unprecedented opportunities in optics and metaphotonics and may have applications in freeform optics, integrated optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, optical sensors, antennas, active and tunable photonic devices, and biomedicine. Abundant new opportunities exist for exploration.

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Section: D Printing Of Photoresponsive Materials For Active Optical mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

Jeong

Lee

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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“…As an example, temperature or pH control can be employed to modulate the system properties: the first one constitutes a simple (non‐local) control tool while the second one results as a convenient stimulus for bio‐medical applications. Recent demonstrations of responsive photonic microstructures have been fabricated by direct laser writing in hydrogel or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and controlled via pH, solvent concentration, and temperature . These examples are briefly reported hereafter to provide a complete overview on the state‐of‐the‐art on tunable devices and they represent a complementary strategy with respect to light‐driven structures.…”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) From left to right: schematic illustration of the DLW fabrication of a PDMS microlens, SEM image of the hyperboloid microlens integrated within a microfluidic channel, and dependence of its focal length on the solubility parameters of different solvents. Adapted with permission 68c. Copyright 2015, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure b shows as PDMS microlenses have been integrated in microfluidic circuits by the DLW technique without the use of any mask or duplicated templates. Depending on the swelling property of PDMS, that is roughly inversely related to the solubility parameter of organic solvents, the curvature of the lenses has been changed and, thus, their focal length has been dynamically tuned by different solvents flowing in the microfluidic channel 68c…”

Section: Photonic Devices Fabricated By Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

Nocentini

Martella

Parmeggiani

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polymer photonics explores manufacturing of polymeric materials in order to create devices for light manipulation at the nanoscale. Available lithographic techniques give access to a truly 3D shaping, which can replicate computer‐aided designs by several methods. Among them, direct laser writing enables nanoscale precision fabrication. This platform allows integration of advanced materials for reconfigurable elements, whose shape and refractive index can be precisely controlled by external stimuli. This Progress Report collects the recent advances in the field of light‐tunable photonics, where polymers are used not only as passive elements for guiding and manipulating light but also to control the optical properties of the devices themselves. This creates dynamic structures with multifunctional performance. Starting from a brief description of light‐responsive materials patterned by direct laser writing (focusing on liquid crystalline networks), examples of integration of photonic materials on different platforms are shown—from simple photonic devices (as lenses or diffraction gratings) to their integration in photonic circuits (as active whispering gallery mode resonator coupled to waveguide). As most of the active materials are demonstrated to be biocompatible, implantable photonic platforms can be foreseen for biomedical applications.

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“…pH-actuated materials have also been used as the platform for sensor design. [19] These materials, which change their shape with changing pH, can be generated at the micron-scale and have the potential to interface with tissue culturing constructs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A photonic pH sensor based on photothermal spectroscopy

Hartings¹,

Castro²,

Gill³

et al. 2019

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Although the determination of pH is a standard laboratory measurement, new techniques capable of measuring pH are being developed to facilitate modern technological advances. Bio-industrial processing, tissue engineering, and intracellular environments impose unique measurement requirements on probes of pH. We describe a fiber optic-based platform, which measures the heat released by chromophores upon absorption of light. The optical fibers feature fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) whose Bragg peak redshifts with increasing temperature. Using anthocyanins (pH-sensitive chromophores found in many plants), we are able to correlate visible light absorption by a solution of anthocyanins to heat released and changes in FBG signal over a pH range of 2.5 to 10. We tested the ability of this platform to act as a sensor coating the fiber within a layer of crosslinked polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA). Incorporating the anthocyanins into the PEG, we find that the signal magnitude increases over the observed signal at the same pH in solution. Our results indicate that this platform is viable for assessing pH in biological samples and point at ways to optimize performance.

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Microfabrication of pH-responsive 3D hydrogel structures via two-photon polymerization of high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

3D Printed Photoresponsive Materials for Photonics

A photonic pH sensor based on photothermal spectroscopy

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