Microencapsulation of Macaranga gigantea Leaf Extracts: Production and Characterization

Abstract

Macaranga is a genus of the family Euphorbiaceae which comprises of about three hundred species. It is present in some parts of the world which include Indonesia, some parts of Africa, Madagascar, Asia, the east coast of Australia and the Pacific islands. 7-15 The Macaranga gigantea plants are known to be in the form of shrubs or trees and grow in places with optimum sunlight, secondary forests or forests that have been destroyed. Macaranga gigantea plants show several bioactivity which include antitumor, anticancer, antimalaria, antimicrobes, ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this research was to formulate the microcapsules of Macaranga gigantea leaves extract with solvent evaporation method using Ethocel 10 cP and Eudragit E100 as matrix. Methods: M. gigantea leaves were extracted using ethanol 96%. This extract was dried by rotary evaporator. The microencapsulation process of M. gigantea leaves extract was conducted by solvent evaporation method (O/W: oil in water). The formula of M. gigantea leaves extract microcapsules were designed into six formulas (Eudragit E100: FA 1 , FA 2 , FA 3 and Ethocel 10 cP: FB 1 , FB 2 , FB 3). Microcapsules of M. gigantea leaves extract were characterized for particle size, in terms of surface morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and encapsulation efficiency. Antioxidant activity of the formulation have been evaluated by DPPH method. Physical characterization on microparticles were performed by conducting entrapment efficiency and SEM picture. Results: In this research, the micoparticles containing M. gigantea extract has been developed by using ethyl cellulose (Ethocel 10 cP) and eudragit (Eudragit E100) as polymer matrix. The results showed that high concentration of polymer (Ethocel 10 cP and Eudragit E100) used in microencapsulation resulted in better M. gigantea leaves extract microcapsules in terms of physical characteristics. Particle size of microcapsules containing M. gigantea leaves extract were in the range of 3.564 to 5.887 μm. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) was categorized as good because the value were ≥ 80% to which 85.978% (FA 3) and 88.992% (FB 3). SEM picture of FA 3 (Eudragit E100) revealed that the surface of microcapsule were rough and porous. When Ethocel 10 cP used as polymer, a smoother surface and less visible pores of microcapsule were obtained. The antioxidant ability of M. gigantea leaves extract microcapsule showed that IC 50 values was 64.51 ppm. Conclusion: It can be concluded that microcapsules of M. gigantea leaves extract can be prepared by solvent evaporation method by using Eudragit E100 and Ethocel 10 cP as polymer matrix. M. gigantea leaves has potent antioxidant activity either as extract or after formulated into microcapsules.

Preparation and Characterization of Sonneratia Alba Leaf Extract Microcapsules by Solvent Evaporation Technique

“…It is a rapid process that does not involve severe heat treatment; therefore, it is a suitable method to preserve biological products, including temperaturesensitive products, without their degradation; it also allows for storage at room temperature [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. It is an instantaneous process where spherical and uniform samples can be obtained, and the process can be easily scaled up [30][31][32][33][34][35][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The effectiveness of the solvent evaporation method to produce microspheres depends on the successful entrapment of the active agent within the particles, and thus, this process is most successful with drugs which are either insoluble or poorly soluble in the aqueous medium, which comprises the continuous phase [32,39,[46][47][48][49][50].…”

Real-Time Particle Size Analysis Using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement as a Process Analytical Technology Tool for a Continuous Microencapsulation Process

“…Ethyl cellulose is a non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymer. [11][12][13][14][15] The microparticle hardening rate of these polymers is unknown. As a result, it's important to understand how polymer properties affect the hardening time of polymeric microparticles.…”

“…3 Polymers with various physical properties (such as solubility, molecular weight, reactivity, viscosity, biodegradability, permeability, and so on) have been applied to create microparticles. [11][12][13][14][15] In the emulsi cation phase of a heterogeneous polymerisation device, particle size and particle size distribution are important. [14][15][16][17] The laser light scattering method has been used extensively to measure certain parameters.…”

Treatment opportunities with Fernandoa adenophylla and recent novel approaches for natural medicinal phytochemicals as a drug delivery system

“…The goal of this study was to use a solvent evaporation method to create microcapsules from Macaranga gigantea (M. gigantea) leaves extract utilizing ethocel 10 centi poise (cP) and Eudragit E100 as a matrix. It can be concluded that employing Eudragit E100 and ethocel 10 cP as a polymer matrix, microcapsules of M. gigantea leaves extract may be made by solvent evaporation [138].…”