Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in whey protein isolate-crystalline nanocellulose-inulin composite enhanced gastrointestinal survivability

Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 and Bifidobacterium animalis BB‐12 in pectin and sodium alginate: A comparative study on viability, stability, and structure

“…Generally, wrinkles and cracks are the results of the mechanical stress caused by nonuniform drying of various parts of the liquid droplets in the early stages of drying. High molecular weight polymers dry quickly to prevent the release of internal vapors, resulting in increased bubble formation in the matrix of wall materials, expanding the internal space of the microcapsule, and creating more concavity (Maleki et al., 2020 ). Comparison of pectin and alginate microcapsules showed that alginate beads were relatively spherical, while pectin beads had a geometrically shaped plate; this phenomenon was related to the difference in the cross‐links created in each case.…”

“…The test was carried out using the method developed by Maleki et al. ( 2020 ) with a few changes. One gram of freshly prepared beads was added to 10 ml simulated gastric juice (GJ) (HCl 0.08 M containing 0.2% NaCl, pH 1.55), without pepsin and incubated at 37℃ for 0, 60, and 120 min.…”

Natural protective agents and their applications as bio-preservatives in the food industry

“…LAB has been found naturally in various foods for centuries and has been used in fermented foods without side effects. It is known as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) (Amiri et al, 2019a;Favaro et al, 2015;Maleki et al, 2020;Rezazadeh-Bari et al, 2019;Varsha and Nampoothiri, 2016). The Food and Drug Administration of USA (FDA) accepted LAB as a safe agent for fermented foods (Upendra et al, 2016).…”

Nanomaterial-based encapsulation for controlled gastrointestinal delivery of viable probiotic bacteria

“…39 Also, CNC as an encapsulating material decreases gastric uid absorption 39 and signicantly improves the survival of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal system. 42 CNF can be used as a ller for various biomaterials and has strong intermolecular bonds. 43 It can form aqueous hydrogels for cell encapsulation, and the carboxyl groups in CNFs can be used to change the pore size of cellulose macrogels to improve their loading capacity.…”