Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil—State of Art

Abstract

Microencapsulation is a well-known technology for the lipid delivery system. It prevents the oxidation of fatty acids and maintains the quality of lipid after extraction from oil seed and processing. In flaxseed oil, the amount of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are 39.90–60.42% and 12.25–17.44%, respectively. A comprehensive review article on the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil has not been published yet. Realizing the great advantages of flaxseed oil, information about different technologies related to the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil and their characteristics are discussed in a comprehensive way, in this review article. To prepare the microcapsule of flaxseed oil, an emulsion of oil-water is performed along with a wall material (matrix), followed by drying with a spray-dryer or freeze-dryer. Different matrices, such as plant and animal-based proteins, maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and modified starch are used for the encapsulation of flaxseed oil. In some cases, emulsifiers, such as Tween 80 and soya lecithin are used to prepare flaxseed oil microcapsules. Physico-chemical and bio-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil microcapsules depend on process parameters, ratio of oil and matrix, and characteristics of the matrix. As an example, the size of the microcapsule, prepared with spray-drying and freeze-drying ranges between 10–400 and 20–5000 μm, respectively. It may be considered that the comprehensive information on the encapsulation of flaxseed oil will boost the development of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Alginate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Loaded with Linum usitatissimum Extract as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold

“…Although the cross-linked alginate-ion gel is known as a biocompatible and bioactive network with unique cell adhesion properties, it has disadvantages, such as limited durability in physiological conditions, which affects the swelling behavior and release of the drug [44][45][46]59,60]. The prepared composite gel was loaded with LOH, an extract employed in diverse medicine for its biologically active compounds [36,37,61,62]. According to Wang et al, several intermolecular cross-links may be formed through Ca 2+ between nHA and Alg, LOH and Alg, and nHA and LOH due to the divalent nature of Ca ions [35].…”

Microencapsulation of Olive Oil

“…Wall materials, such as polysaccharides (alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, arabic gum, maltodextrin, hydrophobically modified starch) and proteins (whey protein, soy protein, sodium caseinate, gelatin) are used to prepare microcapsule by spray drying technique [31,36,40]. It has been reported that the size of the microcapsule, prepared by spray drying process ranges within 10-400 µm [50]. The particle size of microcapsule is influenced by the type of atomizer, such as centrifugal wheel atomizer and spray pressure nozzle.…”

“…If the spray pressure nozzle is used, the particle size of spray-dried product is increased with increase of the nozzle orifice diameter and decreased by the atomization pressure. When the centrifugal wheel atomizer is used, larger wheel diameter and speed provide a smaller size of the particle [32,50]. Furthermore, different process parameters in emulsion preparation and drying process influence the particle size of microcapsule.…”

“…In this process, the properties of microcapsules are influenced by the system pressure and temperature. In addition, the operational time of drying is important to achieve a stable moisture content in the dried powder [50]. Wall materials, such as maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium caseinate are used to prepare olive oil microcapsule by freeze drying process [15].…”

“…Wall materials, such as maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium caseinate are used to prepare olive oil microcapsule by freeze drying process [15]. Depending on process parameters, size of the microcapsule, prepared by freeze drying process ranges within 20-5000 µm [50]. Schematic diagram of freeze dryer is represented in Fig.…”