Microelectronic skin electrode

Padmadinata, F.Z.; Veerhoek, J.J.; Dijk, G.J.A. van; Huijsing, Johan H.

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(90)80257-z

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…9), the input impedance of the amplifier is dominated by C 1 . This is shown in (8), where C p is the total parasitic capacitance at the input of the front-end amplifier, e.g. due to bond-pad and wiring parasitic capacitances and R s is the contact impedance of the skin-electrode interface.…”

Section: ) Digitally-assisted Offset Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A $160~\mu {\rm W}$ 8-Channel Active Electrode System for EEG Monitoring

Yazıcıoğlu

Grundlehner

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

180

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This paper presents an active electrode system for gel-free biopotential EEG signal acquisition. The system consists of front-end chopper amplifiers and a back-end common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit. The front-end AC-coupled chopper amplifier employs input impedance boosting and digitally-assisted offset trimming. The former increases the input impedance of the active electrode to 2 GΩ at 1 Hz and the latter limits the chopping induced output ripple and residual offset to 2 mV and 20 mV, respectively. Thanks to chopper stabilization, the active electrode achieves 0.8 μVrms (0.5-100 Hz) input referred noise. The use of a back-end CMFB circuit further improves the CMRR of the active electrode readout to 82 dB at 50 Hz. Both front-end and back-end circuits are implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process and the total current consumption of an 8-channel readout system is 88 μA from 1.8 V supply. EEG measurements using the proposed active electrode system demonstrate its benefits compared to passive electrode systems, namely reduced sensitivity to cable motion artifacts and mains interference.

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Section: ) Digitally-assisted Offset Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A $160~\mu {\rm W}$ 8-Channel Active Electrode System for EEG Monitoring

Yazıcıoğlu

Grundlehner

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

180

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“…Dry electrodes have the disadvantage of substantially higher electrode-to-skin impedance. For dry electrodes to be (Padmadinata 1990). Zs is a variable source impedance that includes the impedance of the scalp and other tissues below the dermis to where the source of potentials are located, a: epidermis layer has both capacitance and resistance, and at least 3 orders of magnitudes higher impedance than the dermis layer, b: epidermis layer is partially removed, reducing its impedance, c: moisture lowers the epidermis impedance.…”

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confidence: 99%

A dry electrode for EEG recording

Taheri

Knight

Smith³

1994

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

136

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This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of a prototype dry surface electrode for EEG signal recording. The new dry electrode has the advantages of no need for skin preparation or conductive paste, potential for reduced sensitivity to motion artifacts and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The electrode's sensing element is a 3 mm stainless steel disk which has a 2000 A (200 nm) thick nitride coating deposited onto one side. The back side of the disk is attached to an impedance converting amplifier. The prototype electrode was mounted on a copper plate attached to the scalp by a Velcro strap. The performance of this prototype dry electrode was compared to commercially available wet electrodes in 3 areas of electroencephalogram (EEG) recording: (1) spontaneous EEG, (2) sensory evoked potentials, and (3) cognitive evoked potentials. In addition to the raw EEG, the power spectra of the signals from both types of electrodes were also recorded. The results suggest that the dry electrode performs comparably to conventional electrodes for all types of EEG signal analysis. This new electrode may be useful for the production of high resolution surface maps of brain activity where a large number of electrodes or prolonged recording times are required.

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“…The electronic part of these transducers mostly consists of a buffer amplifier, but some have been designed to need only two lead connection wire [18,19]. However, as the signal is not amplified, buffers introduce significant noise and a low noise amplifier is still needed at the front-end.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An active electrode for biopotential recording from small localized bio-sources

Valchinov

Pallikarakis

2004

BioMed Eng OnLine

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Background: Laser bio-stimulation is a well-established procedure in Medical Acupuncture. Nevertheless there is still a confusion as to whether it works or the effect is just placebo. Although a plethora of scientific papers published, showing positive clinical results, there is still a lack of objective scientific proofs about the bio-stimulation effect of lasers used in Acupuncture. The objective of this work was to design and build a body surface electrode and an amplifier for biopotential recording from acupuncture points, considered here as small localized bio-sources (SLB). The design is aimed for studying SLB potentials provoked by laser stimulus, in search for objective proofs of the bio-stimulation effect of lasers used in Medical Acupuncture.

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Microelectronic skin electrode

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

A $160~\mu {\rm W}$ 8-Channel Active Electrode System for EEG Monitoring

A $160~\mu {\rm W}$ 8-Channel Active Electrode System for EEG Monitoring

A dry electrode for EEG recording

An active electrode for biopotential recording from small localized bio-sources

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