“…Arbutin may release hydroquinone following in vivo cleavage of the glycosidic bonds or via hydrolysis by human skin bacteria [13]. Several analytical methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of arbutin in cosmetics using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6,[14][15][16][17][18], microdialysis sampling coupled to HPLC [19] and HPLC with chemiluminescence detection [20], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [21], micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) [22], MEKC with amperometric detection [23], and online derivatization followed by disposable electrochemical sensing [24]. Moreover, hydroquinone has been analysed in cosmetic creams and topical dermatologic drugs using HPLC [16,[25][26][27], capillary electrochromatography [28], MEKC [22,29], spectrophotometry [30], thin layer chromatography [31] and biomimetic sensor technology [32].…”