Microdamage in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

O’Brien, Claire; Marr, Neil; Thorpe, Chavaunne T.

doi:10.1111/evj.13331

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…However, treatment of tendinopathy remains a clinical unmet need, since the available treatments did not show to have a strong efficacy and no long-term benefits were reported [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Therapeutic strategies are also needed in veterinary medicine to especially treat equine tendon lesions and musculoskeletal disorders [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. MD-Tissue (MD) is an injectable collagen-based medical compound containing swine-derived collagen as the main component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collagen-Based Medical Device MD-Tissue Acts as a Mechanical Scaffold Influencing Morpho-Functional Properties of Cultured Human Tenocytes

Randelli

Sartori

Carlomagno

et al. 2020

Cells

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Mechanotransduction is the ability of cells to translate mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals that can ultimately influence gene expression, cell morphology and cell fate. Tenocytes are responsible for tendon mechanical adaptation converting mechanical stimuli imposed during mechanical loading, thus affecting extracellular matrix homeostasis. Since we previously demonstrated that MD-Tissue, an injectable collagen-based medical compound containing swine-derived collagen as the main component, is able to affect tenocyte properties, the aim of this study was to analyze whether the effects triggered by MD-Tissue were based on mechanotransduction-related mechanisms. For this purpose, MD-Tissue was used to coat Petri dishes and cytochalasin B was used to deprive tenocytes of mechanical stimulation mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. Cell morphology, migration, collagen turnover pathways and the expression of key mechanosensors were analyzed by morphological and molecular methods. Our findings confirm that MD-Tissue affects collagen turnover pathways and favors cell migration and show that the MD-Tissue-induced effect represents a mechanical input involving the mechanotransduction machinery. Overall, MD-Tissue, acting as a mechanical scaffold, could represent an effective medical device for a novel therapeutic, regenerative and rehabilitative approach to favor tendon healing in tendinopathies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collagen-Based Medical Device MD-Tissue Acts as a Mechanical Scaffold Influencing Morpho-Functional Properties of Cultured Human Tenocytes

Randelli

Sartori

Carlomagno

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…As such, the reason for monitoring a horse is usually insufficient movement, which may be indicative of inadequate pain control or the development of immobility-associated complications. Measuring movement in injured horses could prove to be challenging with added alterations in movement, such as reduced and altered loading patterns due to pain, changes in gait patterns due to asymmetries (2,5,(21)(22)(23), as well as decreased stability and increased postural sway (24), all of which can be affected to varying degrees depending on the type, location and severity of the injury (25). Consequently, free movement analysis would likely be the most important measure in these circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometry-Based Step Count Validation for Horse Movement Analysis During Stall Confinement

2021

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Quantitative tracking of equine movement during stall confinement has the potential to detect subtle changes in mobility due to injury. These changes may warn of potential complications, providing vital information to direct rehabilitation protocols. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are readily available and easily attached to a limb or surcingle to objectively record step count in horses. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare IMU-based step counts to a visually-based criterion measure (video) for three different types of movements in a stall environment, and (2) to compare three different sensor positions to determine the ideal location on the horse to assess movement. An IMU was attached at the withers, right forelimb and hindlimb of six horses to assess free-movement, circles, and figure-eights recorded in 5 min intervals and to determine the best location, through analysis of all three axes of the triaxial accelerometer, for step count during stall confinement. Mean step count difference, absolute error (%) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined to assess the sensor's ability to track steps compared to the criterion measure. When comparing sensor location for all movement conditions, the right-forelimb vertical-axis produced the best results (ICC = 1.0, % error = 6.8, mean step count difference = 1.3) followed closely by the right-hindlimb (ICC = 0.999, % error = 15.2, mean step count difference = 1.8). Limitations included the small number of horse participants and the lack of random selection due to limited availability and accessibility. Overall, the findings demonstrate excellent levels of agreement between the IMU's vertical axis and the video-based criterion at the forelimb and hindlimb locations for all movement conditions.

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“…In particular, repetitive exposure to hyperthermia decreased a survival rate in tenocytes and induced metabolic disturbances in surviving cells [9][10][11]. Although the probability of cell death caused by high temperatures in vivo is low, their frequent exposure to overheating impairs cell metabolism and initiates degenerative processes in the tendon structure, subsequently predisposing it to mechanical failure [9]. On the other hand, the use of protection boots or bandages on limbs results in an exercise-induced increase in surface temperature of up to 17 • C for distal limb parts [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Thorpe et al [4], most injuries originate in the superficial digital flexor tendon when it is extremely stressed. Other factors, such as hyperthermia of the tendon and low oxygen pressure in this tissue, could also lead to tendon damages [9]. In particular, repetitive exposure to hyperthermia decreased a survival rate in tenocytes and induced metabolic disturbances in surviving cells [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors, such as hyperthermia of the tendon and low oxygen pressure in this tissue, could also lead to tendon damages [9]. In particular, repetitive exposure to hyperthermia decreased a survival rate in tenocytes and induced metabolic disturbances in surviving cells [9][10][11]. Although the probability of cell death caused by high temperatures in vivo is low, their frequent exposure to overheating impairs cell metabolism and initiates degenerative processes in the tendon structure, subsequently predisposing it to mechanical failure [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermographic Analysis of the Metacarpal and Metatarsal Areas in Jumping Sport Horses and Leisure Horses in Response to Warm-Up Duration

Janczarek

Kędzierski

Tkaczyk

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to assess the impact of various types of warm-up on the metacarpal and metatarsal surface temperature in jumping sport horses in comparison to leisure horses, which work usually less intensively. Six clinically healthy sport geldings, contestants in showjumping competitions, and six geldings used for leisure riding were included in the study. The experiment was conducted for four consecutive days, during which the horses were warmed up by walking and trotting for various durations. Images were taken with a FLUKE Ti9 thermal imager to determine the resting, post-effort, and recovery temperature of the dorsal and plantar surface of the metacarpus and metatarsus of the four limbs. The obtained data were analysed with SmartView 4.1. software. The increase of measured rectal and surface temperatures was proportional to the warm-up duration. The surface temperature increase in the distal limb parts in jumping sport horses was greater than in horses used for leisure. The plantar surface was also warmer than the dorsal surface of the metacarpal/metatarsal areas, with a forelimb being warmer than a hind limb. Elevated temperatures after warm-up persist for 30 min in the recovery period, especially in jumping sport horses compared to leisure horses. Thus, the warming up effect is achieved earlier and lasts longer in heavily trained horses than in non-performance horses.

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Microdamage in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 21 publications

References 134 publications

The Collagen-Based Medical Device MD-Tissue Acts as a Mechanical Scaffold Influencing Morpho-Functional Properties of Cultured Human Tenocytes

The Collagen-Based Medical Device MD-Tissue Acts as a Mechanical Scaffold Influencing Morpho-Functional Properties of Cultured Human Tenocytes

Accelerometry-Based Step Count Validation for Horse Movement Analysis During Stall Confinement

Thermographic Analysis of the Metacarpal and Metatarsal Areas in Jumping Sport Horses and Leisure Horses in Response to Warm-Up Duration

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