Microcystin concentrations and liver histopathology in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis mossambicus from three impacted rivers flowing into a hyper-eutrophic freshwater system: A pilot study

Modley, Lee-Ann S.; Rampedi, Isaac T.; Avenant‐Oldewage, Annemariè; Mhuka, Vimbai; Nindi, Mathew Muzi; Dyk, Cobus van

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2019.103222

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A total of 12 publications have been found in the literature representing 18.5% of all the papers which have discussed the natural occurrence of cyanotoxins in food matrices (seafood only). One paper was excluded as it analyzed cyanotoxins in the liver only, which is a non-edible part for humans [120]. The collected data are mainly from a few African countries in the north (Algeria, Egypt), in the east (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda), and in the south (South Africa).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Cyanotoxins In Seafood From the Developing Countries Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Abdallah

Hassel

Andjelković

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.

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Section: Occurrence Of Cyanotoxins In Seafood From the Developing Countries Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Abdallah

Hassel

Andjelković

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Although we included a broad spectrum of known viral sequences in our investigations with no positive result, both on nucleotide and on amino acid level, it is possible that the virus causing the observed syndrome in trout is genetically too distinct from so far known viruses to be picked up by our bioinformatics pipeline. As another differential cause, especially for the liver necrosis, cyanotoxin has to be considered (Kotak et al., 1996; Modley et al., 2019). Cyanobacterial algal blooms usually occur in warm, stagnant and eutrophic freshwater bodies (Smayda, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mysterious syndrome causing high mortality in wild brown trout in Eastern Switzerland, pathology and search for a possible cause

Schmidt‐Posthaus

Koch

Seuberlich

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Since 2016, species-specific die-offs of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) occurred in the Thur River, situated in the Eastern part of Switzerland. These events lead to drastically reduced population densities in the impacted regions (Fischereiverein Thur, statistics 2012 to 2018, Table 1). In the affected river stretch, no viable populations of brown trout remained and all attempts to restock brown trout in these places have failed due to persistence of annual deaths (M Kugler, pers. comm.). Dead fish were recorded over a period of a few weeks between beginning of August and beginning of September (mid to end summer), with a demarcation between affected (downstream of 2'724'190/1'246'500) and unaffected (upstream of 2'724'050/1'244'640) river stretches. The unit corresponds to the "Trout zone" or "Salmonid zone" of western European ichthyological classifications (EUNIS fact sheets, https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habit ats/754). The syndrome was restricted to metarhithral and hyporhithral stretches. Upstream locations and streams flowing into the Thur River showed no increased mortality in wild fish. The majority of affected brown trout were one year old. Clinical signs are characterized by dark pigmentation of the skin, severe apathy and signs of hypoxia, before death (Keller, 2018).

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“…The Roodeplaat Dam is renowned for its heavy presence of the cyanotoxin, microcystin and seasonal blooms of cyanobacteria, with the Microcystis spp. reported as the most dominant species ( Modley et al , 2019 ). The water had a mean concentration ± standard deviation of MC-LR: 10.47 ± 3.879; 6.158 ± 4.127 for MC-RR, and 8.160 ± 2.544 for MC-YR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the uptake of microcystins by Brassica oleracea and Solanum tuberosum

Pindihama,

Gitari,

Madala

2024

F1000Res

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Background Globally, hypereutrophic conditions in major water reservoirs used for irrigation purposes, promote the co-existence of cyanotoxins and other pollutants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). LAS is known to alter the permeability of membranes and promote the uptake of other pollutants by plants. In light of the potential human health risks and prevailing hypereutrophic conditions in some catchments in South Africa, we investigated the combined effects of LAS and microcystins (MCs) on food plants when cyanobacteria infested water is used to irrigate terrestrial crops. Methods To understand the potential risks, pot-culture experiments were conducted to assess the effect of LAS on the accumulation of MCs in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Solanum tuberosum (potato) plants. The plants were watered with dam water containing 3.48 mg L-1 of the LAS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and MCs (MC-LR: 10.47 ± 3.879; 6.158 ± 4.127 for MC-RR and 8.160 ± 2.544 for MC-YR μg L-1) for 20 days. Results The presence of LAS, at environmentally relevant concentrations in the irrigation water, did not enhance the uptake of MCs in the two plants, as demonstrated by statistically insignificant differences in the means of the treatments (with and without LAS). In addition, the presence of LAS, high pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cyanotoxins in the water did not affect the total chlorophyll or the well-being of the plants. However, in some cases the levels of MCs bioaccumulated by the two plants exceeded the WHO recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI). Conclusions These findings imply that the tested levels of LAS and MCs did not have any synergic effects on the two plant species, but irrigating food crops with such water still poses a human health risk.

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Microcystin concentrations and liver histopathology in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis mossambicus from three impacted rivers flowing into a hyper-eutrophic freshwater system: A pilot study

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Mysterious syndrome causing high mortality in wild brown trout in Eastern Switzerland, pathology and search for a possible cause

Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the uptake of microcystins by Brassica oleracea and Solanum tuberosum

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