Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Wetter, Robyn; Goldstein, Glenn D.

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00246.x

Cited by 58 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although MACs have the ability to locally invade tissues, very few cases have reported systemic metastasis and mortality. In the present case, the histological characteristics of the MAC were similar to those detected in previous studies (1,4,7,8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Histologically, MACs contain numerous keratin cysts, basaloid cells and squamous cell islands that form ductular and glandular structures, which often invade nerves (2,3). These characteristics complicate the surgical treatment of MAC (8). There are several therapies to treat MAC, including standard excision (SE), Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), irradiation and chemotherapy (3)(4)(5)(6); however, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of MAC due to its rarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma with an expanded rotational forehead skin flap: A case report and review of the literature

Zhou

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare and locally aggressive adenocarcinoma with low-grade malignancy. The present study describes the first reported case and treatment of a Chinese male with a MAC located on the nasal dorsum and nosewing. A 44-year-old man presented with a nasal deformity caused by local repeated infections following an accidental injury to the nose 20 years previously. The nose had been injured by a brick, and treatment at a local hospital 12 years previously had resulted in a nasal scar and a gradually enlarging mass. A physical examination revealed a hypertrophic deformity of the nose and an indurated scar plaque, measuring 2.0x2.0 cm, on the nasal dorsum and nosewing. Microscopic examination revealed a tumor consisting of solid cell nests and a cystic structure with a capsular space. In addition, ductal cells of an adnexal cell origin were visible in the outer epithelium. The medial portion exhibited a microductal structure and invasion of deeper tissues without evident atypia. The tumor cells presented normal nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and minimal mitotic activity. Pathological examination verified that the tumor was a MAC of low-grade malignancy. A complete surgical resection was performed via Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), and reconstruction was achieved using an expanded rotational forehead skin flap. No tumor recurrence was detected after a three-year follow-up period. Therefore, for effective treatment of similar MAC cases, complete surgical resection using MMS is recommended, and successful reconstruction may be achieved using an expanded skin flap.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma with an expanded rotational forehead skin flap: A case report and review of the literature

Zhou

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Nonetheless, a small number of patients are symptomatic at presentation, experiencing burning, paresthesia and numbness as a result of recurrent perineural invasion (9). It has been reported in the literature that certain MAC cases have presented with tumor histories as long as 17 and 27 years (3,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation of MAC is characteristically a smooth-surfaced, slow-growing, firm, non-ulcerated, asymptomatic papule, plaque or nodule (9). Nonetheless, a small number of patients are symptomatic at presentation, experiencing burning, paresthesia and numbness as a result of recurrent perineural invasion (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microcystic adnexal carcinoma in a non-Caucasian patient: A case report and review of the literature

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is extremely rare among Asians, with the majority of cases presenting in Caucasian individuals. The current study describes the case of a 38-year-old Chinese woman who presented with a 10 year history of a mass in the upper lip. A biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of MAC. The patient underwent complete surgical resection and the tumor was successfully excised. During 6 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first Chinese case to be reported in the English literature, and is presented with the aim of increasing the awareness and aiding in the management of MAC in non-Caucasian populations. IntroductionMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) was originally defined in 1982 (1), and is now also termed sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma (2). MAC is a rare, slow-growing, locally aggressive tumor of the eccrine sweat glands, and is characterized by pilar and eccrine differentiation (3). Sweat gland malignancies, combining all types, are particularly rare, accounting for 0.005% of all malignant epithelial neoplasms (4), with a total of ~350 cases currently described in the English literature. It has been reported that the preferential location for the development of this neoplasm is the head and neck region (5).When referring to the English literature, it is evident that MAC primarily affects the Caucasian population, with only two cases occurring in non-Caucasian patients (6,7). Fang et al (8) described two cases involving Chinese individuals in the Chinese literature; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no cases of Chinese patients with MAC currently reported in the English literature. The present study reviewed all patients that were referred to the Hainan Province People's Hospital (Haikou, China) between January 1994 and January 2014, and identified only one patient with a MAC diagnosis. This case is described herein along with a review of the relevant literature. Case reportA 38-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Hainan Province People's Hospital with a mass on the left upper-lip that had been present for >10 years (Fig. 1). During physical examination, it was noted that the tumor was positioned in the left-upper lip and subnasal region. The lesion was a firm, solitary mass, and measured 2x1 cm in size. No submandibular or cervical lymph nodes were palpable during the physical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT; Brilliance iCT; Philips Medical Systems, Amsterdam, Holland) of the head, neck and thorax demonstrated no evidence of systemic or local metastasis. As presented in Fig. 2, the head and neck CT scans revealed the lesion located in the subcutaneous tissue of the left-upper lip, with a wide base inseparable from overlying skin.An incisional biopsy was performed with the patient under local anesthesia. The diagnosis of the specimen was confirmed as carcinoma. The patient underwent complete surgical resection...

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Cutaneous Appendageal Carcinoma Incidence and Survival Patterns in the United States

Blake¹,

Bradford²,

Devesa³

et al. 2010

Arch Dermatol

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Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Cited by 58 publications

References 68 publications

Treatment of nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma with an expanded rotational forehead skin flap: A case report and review of the literature

Treatment of nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma with an expanded rotational forehead skin flap: A case report and review of the literature

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma in a non-Caucasian patient: A case report and review of the literature

Cutaneous Appendageal Carcinoma Incidence and Survival Patterns in the United States

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