Microcirculatory dynamics in experimental human gingivitis

Matheny, James L.; Abrams, Herbert K.; Johnson, D. T.; Roth, Gerald I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00774.x

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, in the same species, Baab and Öberg (2) found no significant correlation between the gingival index, GCF and blood flow and the elimination of the inflammation did not result in a decrease in blood flow either. In humans, experimentally induced gingivitis resulted in decreased blood flow to the gingiva (11,33) whereas developed gingivitis resulted in increased blood flow (11). GBF at rest was found to be smaller in periodontitis patients compared to the reference subjects (34) and the treatment of gingivitis (58) or periodontitis (15) reduced blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

Molnár

Lohinai

Demeter

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Periodontal inflammation is associated with morphological changes in the blood vessels which may influence the regulation of gingival blood flow (GBF). Our aim was to adapt the heat provocation test to the human gingiva to assess vascular reactivity in periodontal inflammation. Method: GBF was recorded by Laser Doppler Flowmetry before and after heat provocation in healthy volunteers (n = 50). Heat was generated either by warm saline or a halogen lamp. The latter method was also utilized for a heat test in non-smoking and smoking patients with periodontal inflammation. The circulatory parameters were correlated to the inflammatory marker, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) production measured by Periotron. Results: Local application of heat caused a rapid, significant and transient increase in GBF regardless of the method used. The increase in the speed and not in the concentration of moving blood cells was responsible for increased GBF. Higher GCF values were correlated with increased peak flow, flux pulse amplitude and faster restoration of GBF after the test in non-smokers, but not in smokers. Conclusions: The heat test could be a valuable tool to check the vascular reactivity of gingival vessels. Moderate periodontal inflammation may facilitate gingival vascular responsiveness which can be suppressed by smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

Molnár

Lohinai

Demeter

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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“…It is well known that gingival microcirculation plays a crucial role in maintaining health care of the oral cavity [1,3,25]. Recently, it has become clear that the dysfunction of gingival microcirculation in humans contributes to periodontitis [12].…”

Section: Measurement Of Gingival Microcirculation In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachidonic Acid–Induced COX-1 and COX-2–Mediated Vasodilation in Rat Gingival Arterioles In Vivo

Nakatsuka

Mizuno

Ono

et al. 2005

JJP

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Abstract:The roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of vasoreactivity of rat gingival arterioles in vivo were evaluated by using an intravital microscope. The superfusion of indomethacin (a nonselective COX inhibitor) or SC-560 (a selective COX-1 inhibitor) onto the gingiva significantly constricted the arterioles, though NS-398 (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) did not affect the diameter of the arterioles. The SC-560-mediated constriction of the arterioles was completely reversed by an additional treatment with arachidonic acid (AA). The superfusion of AA, beraprost-Na (an analogue of PGI 2 ) or PGE 2 onto the gingiva significantly dilated the arterioles dose-dependently. The AALocal gingival blood flow plays a crucial role in maintaining dental health care in physiological conditions [1][2][3]. For evaluating local blood flow in the gingival tissues in vivo, laser-doppler and ultrasonic flowmetry have been used on animals and humans [4][5][6][7], but they are both disadvantageous for evaluating continuous changes in the diameter of gingival microvessels in vivo. On the other hand, an intravital microscope system enables us to continuously measure changes in the diameter of resistant microvessels, including small arteries and arterioles in vivo.PGs are produced via the arachidonic acid-COX pathway. COX is a limiting enzyme in this cascade and has been classified into two isoforms, COX-1 (constitutive type) and COX-2 (inducible type) [8][9][10][11]. induced dilation of the arterioles was significantly reduced by the treatment with SC-560 or NS-398. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were positive in the endothelium, but not the smooth muscles, of the arterioles. The expression of PGE synthase (PGES) was found only in the smooth muscles, but not the endothelium, of the arterioles. Neither the endothelium nor the smooth muscles of the arterioles expressed PGI synthase (PGIS). These findings suggest that the COX-2-mediated PG cascade may collaborate with the COX-1 pathway in the regulation of arteriolar myogenic activity in rat gingiva in the case of the supply of a large amount of AA. [The Japanese Journal of Physiology 55: [293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302] 2005]

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“…Perhaps the slight increase in PBF detected in one patient explains changes in the microcirculatory and micromorphology dynamics of the pulp tissue after the inflammatory process. 26,27,28 Further studies with a larger sample size should be conducted to investigate whether the dynamics of pulp flow are affected by dental bleaching and other dental procedures. The difficulties of such a device should also be mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-office bleaching effects on the pulp flow and tooth sensitivity – case series

et al. 2015

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Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive method capable of evaluating variations in pulp blood flow (PBF) and pulp vitality. This method has thus far not been used to assess changes in blood flow after in-office bleaching. The aim of this case series report was to measure changes in PBF by LDF in the upper central incisor of three patients submitted to in-office bleaching. The buccal surfaces of the upper arch were bleached with a single session of 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with three 15-min applications. The color was recorded using a value-oriented Vita shade guide before in-office bleaching and one week after the procedure. The tooth sensitivity (TS) in a verbal scale was reported, and PBF was assessed by LDF before, immediately, and one week after the bleaching session. The lower arch was submitted to dental bleaching but not used for data assessment. A whitening degree of 3 to 4 shade guide units was detected. All participants experienced moderate to considerable TS after the procedure. The PBF readings reduced 20% to 40% immediately after bleaching. One week postbleaching, TS and PBF were shown to be equal to baseline values. A reversible decrease of PBF was detected immediately after bleaching, which recovered to the baseline values or showed a slight increase sooner than one week post-bleaching. The LDF method allows detection of pulp blood changes in teeth submitted to in-office bleaching, but further studies are still required.

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Microcirculatory dynamics in experimental human gingivitis

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

Arachidonic Acid–Induced COX-1 and COX-2–Mediated Vasodilation in Rat Gingival Arterioles In Vivo

In-office bleaching effects on the pulp flow and tooth sensitivity – case series

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