Microcirculatory Control Systems

The Human Brain

“…[233][234][235][236][237][238] and on the abundant literature referring to the subject [198, 199, 202, 203, 206, 214-216, 218-222, 230, 232, 233, 245, 246, 248-250, 252, 256, 259,261-263,265,266,273,276-284,287,288]. [233][234][235][236][237][238] and on the abundant literature referring to the subject [198, 199, 202, 203, 206, 214-216, 218-222, 230, 232, 233, 245, 246, 248-250, 252, 256, 259,261-263,265,266,273,276-284,287,288].…”

“…The description of the pial vascular network as well as that of the intracortical vascular network is based on our previous research [223,224] and selected literature [196,197,200,201,204,205,[208][209][210][211][212][213]217,227,229,231,[234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244]247,[253][254][255]257,258,264,267,[269][270][271][272]274,275,285,286]. …”

Skeletal Muscle Circulation

“…Thus, the group of capillaries perfused by a terminal arteriole has been termed the microvascular unit, which represents the smallest functional unit for blood flow regulation in skeletal muscle ( Figure 1) [32,58,602]. Comparison of capillary network anatomy in red and white muscle indicates that the density of surrounding capillaries and the number of interconnections between adjacent capillaries are greater in oxidative muscle [14,15,18,58,179,205,209,219,262,263,421,498,499,521,526,539,556,557,576,584]. This non-uniform distribution of capillaries around myofibrils, coupled with the fact that the circumference of each muscle fiber is quite variable, indicates that oxygen is non-homogeneously distributed to skeletal muscles, even under conditions of maximal capillary recruitment [47,48,584].…”

“…It is now well appreciated that in addition to its role in the regulation of vascular permeability, this single layer of cells that lines all blood vessels and the cardiac chambers also plays vitally important and dynamic roles in inflammation, hemostasis, vascular growth, cell migration, formation of and interactions with extracellular matrix molecules, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of vascular resistance and thus blood flow [106,[203][204][205][206]414]. It is now well appreciated that in addition to its role in the regulation of vascular permeability, this single layer of cells that lines all blood vessels and the cardiac chambers also plays vitally important and dynamic roles in inflammation, hemostasis, vascular growth, cell migration, formation of and interactions with extracellular matrix molecules, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of vascular resistance and thus blood flow [106,[203][204][205][206]414].…”

“…This phenomenon is referred to as autoregulation of blood flow and is depicted in Figure 6 [58,205,207]. This phenomenon is referred to as autoregulation of blood flow and is depicted in Figure 6 [58,205,207].…”