Microcirculation of Skeletal Muscle

Granger, Harris J.; Meininger, Gerald A.; Borders, J.L.; Morff, R. J.; Goodman, A. H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-508302-7.50015-1

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…39 However, the mechanisms responsible for myogenic tone in the rabbit facial vein (e.g., it is insensitive to calcium channel blockade 47 ) may not be representative of those governing myogenic tone in arterioles, which are sensitive to calcium channel antagonists. 20 Taylor and Meisheri 48 observed in rabbit aorta that ANF can inhibit calcium entry via receptor-operated channels, although at concentrations higher than vasorelaxant concentrations identified in the present study. Thus, ANF may do more than just interfere with release of calcium from intracellular stores.…”

Section: Relation Of Present Results To In Vitro Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 42%

Microvascular effects of atrial natriuretic factor: interaction with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Faber

Gettes

Gianturco

1988

Circulation Research

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The cremaster skeletal muscle of anesthetized rats was denervated and extended with intact circulation into a tissue bath. Intravital microscopy was used to measure microvessel diameter at three different anatomical levels within the microcirculation: large distributing arterioles (x control diameter = 100 +/- 7 micron), large capacitance venules (147 +/- 8 micron), and small terminal arterioles (17 +/- 1 micron). Norepinephrine (NE) was added to the cremaster bath to produce intermediate reductions in diameter of large arterioles and venules (55% and 38% of maximum constriction, respectively). In the presence of NE tone, bath-added atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) produced concentration-dependent dilation of both arterioles and venules. Arteriolar IC25 = 18 pmol and IC50 = 1.2 X 10(-10) M; venules exhibited similar sensitivity. However, the highest ANF concentration examined (10(-7) M) only reversed NE-induced tone by 70%. In a second large vessel group ANF completely reversed constriction induced by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, in the presence of 5 X 10(-7) M yohimbine. However, vessels constricted with the alpha 2-receptor agonist UK-14,304 (in the presence of 10(-8) M prazosin) were insensitive to ANF. A third group of terminal arterioles, which possess considerable spontaneous "intrinsic" tone, were studied in the absence of alpha-receptor agonists. Significant dilation occurred at greater than 10(-7) M, and the maximal response was only 25% of complete dilation with adenosine. These data indicate that ANF exhibits a high potency and selectivity for reversal of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated constriction of large arterioles and venules. Constriction produced by alpha 2-adrenoceptor occupation or by nonadrenergic "intrinsic" mechanisms appears to be insensitive to ANF. We propose that the ability of ANF to reduce microvascular resistance depends on the relative contribution of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and intrinsic vasoconstrictor components to the prevailing level of smooth muscle tone. Differences in these components among regional circulations and between arterial and venous smooth muscle may contribute to the systemic hemodynamic pattern produced by ANF.

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Section: Relation Of Present Results To In Vitro Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 42%

Microvascular effects of atrial natriuretic factor: interaction with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Faber

Gettes

Gianturco

1988

Circulation Research

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“…Thus the key issues are the actual hindlimb content of vascular smooth muscle amd its inherent oxidative capacity during contractile activity. Wistochemical properties of arteriolar smooth muscle are consistent with this tissue being capable of higher rates of oxidative metabolism than surrounding skeletal muscle (Granger et al 1984).…”

Section: Vdues In a Andmentioning

confidence: 55%

Flow-induced oxygen uptake by the perfused rat hindlimb is inhibited by vasodilators and augmented by norepinephrine: a possible role for the microvasculature in hindlimb thermogenesis

Ye¹,

Colquhoun²,

Hettiarachchi³

et al. 1990

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Oxygen uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb was studied at 25 degrees C using an artificial perfusate, and the effects of perfusate flow rate, norepinephrine, and vasodilators were compared. Hindlimb oxygen uptake and perfusion pressure each increased as the flow rate was increased stepwise from 2 to 18.5 mL/min per hindlimb. At each flow rate, the rate of oxygen uptake was inhibited by the vasodilator nitroprusside (0.5 mM) and increased by norepinephrine (5 nM). A corresponding change in perfusion pressure also occurred, with norepinephrine leading to a marked increase and nitroprusside leading to a decrease; however, changes in oxygen uptake and pressure were not linearly related. The lactate/pyruvate ratio of the perfusate was used as an index of tissue perfusion and was determined at each flow rate. Lactate and pyruvate efflux increased as the flow rate was increased stepwise from 2 to 18.5 mL/min per hindlimb. At 2 mL/min per hindlimb, the lactate/pyruvate ratio was 15; at flow rates equal or greater than 4 mL/min per hindlimb, the ratio was constant at 9. Nitroprusside had no significant effect on the ratio at any flow rate even though a marked inhibitory effect on oxygen uptake was evident. Muscle content of high energy phosphates at 8 mL/min per hindlimb did not differ before and after treatment with vasodilators. In addition, the vasodilators had no apparent effect on skeletal muscle oxygen uptake or force development during electrical stimulation. The findings indicate that oxygen uptake by the hindlimb is not limited by inadequate perfusion and that oxygen uptake can be further increased by norepinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…When the occlusion was removed, blood¯ow to the skeletal muscle increased and then returned to its initial value. The amplitude and duration of the post-occlusion hyperaemia are related to the length of the occlusion (Granger et al 1984). Postocclusion reactive hyperaemia of the anterior tibial muscle has been measured using single-®bre LDF by others (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-invasive measure of changes in blood flow in the human anterior tibial muscle

Zhang

Lindberg

Kadefors

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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We used photoplethysmography (PPG) to monitor blood flow changes in the human anterior tibial muscle during arterial occlusion and during isometric and concentric contractions. Single-fibre laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used as a reference in 12 healthy subjects (5 men, 7 women; mean age 24 years). Post-exercise hyperaemic muscle blood flow (MBF) was measured immediately after isometric dorsiflexion of the ankle joint at maximal contraction for 1 min and full range-of-motion dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle joint for 1 min. A thigh tourniquet was applied for the evaluation of post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia. The MBF (baseline = 100%) was [mean (SD)] 150 (31)% (P = 0.003) by PPG (880 nm) and 182 (66)% (P = 0.012) by LDF. After 1 min of maximal isometric contraction, MBF increased to 150 (51)% (P = 0.003) by PPG (880 nm) and to 169 (43)% (P = 0.005) by LDF. After 1 min of maximal concentric contractions, MBF increased to 158 (59)% (P = 0.003) by PPG (880 nm) and to 170 (99)% (P = 0.008) by LDF. Skin blood flow, PPG (560 nm), did not change significantly after isometric or concentric contractions. The results indicate that reactive hyperaemia after exercise and arterial occlusion can be assessed in the human anterior tibial muscle using PPG.

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Microcirculation of Skeletal Muscle

Cited by 19 publications

References 169 publications

Microvascular effects of atrial natriuretic factor: interaction with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Microvascular effects of atrial natriuretic factor: interaction with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Flow-induced oxygen uptake by the perfused rat hindlimb is inhibited by vasodilators and augmented by norepinephrine: a possible role for the microvasculature in hindlimb thermogenesis

A non-invasive measure of changes in blood flow in the human anterior tibial muscle

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