Microcirculation and Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages in Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma and Corresponding Metastases

Toivonen, Päivi; Mäkitie, Teemu; Kujala, Emma; Kivelä, Tero

doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0622

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Tumourpromoting inflammation Lymphocytes Macrophages Dendritic cells Varying densities of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages; both associated with worse prognoses [54][55][56][57][58][59] In the following paragraphs, the major molecular pathway defects and the most common chromosomal alterations in UM development will be summarised.…”

Section: Enabling Characteristics 1 Genome Instability and Mutationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathology of Uveal Melanoma

Coupland

Lake

Damato

2014

Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like other cancers, uveal melanomas (UM) are characterised by an uncontrolled, clonal, cellular proliferation, occurring as a result of numerous genetic, and epigenetic aberrations. Signalling pathways known to be disrupted in UM include: (1) the retinoblastoma pathway, probably as a result of cyclin D1 overexpression; p53 signalling, possibly as a consequence of MDM2 overexpression; and the P13K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase pathway pathways that are disturbed as a result of PTEN and GNAQ/11 mutations, respectively. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities are common and include 6p gain, associated with a good prognosis, as well as 1p loss, 3 loss, and 8q gain, which correlate with high mortality. These are identified by techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation, comparative genomic hybridisation, microsatellite analysis, multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification, and singlenucleotide polymorphisms. UM can also be categorised by their gene expression profiles as class 1 or class 2, the latter correlating with poor survival, as do BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) inactivating mutations. Genetic testing of UM has enhanced prognostication, especially when results are integrated with histological and clinical data. The identification of abnormal signalling pathways, genes and proteins in UM opens the way for target-based therapies, improving prospects for conserving vision and prolonging life.

show abstract

Section: Enabling Characteristics 1 Genome Instability and Mutationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathology of Uveal Melanoma

Coupland

Lake

Damato

2014

Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The density of macrophages in human uveal melanoma correlates with the density of blood vessels, supporting the hypothesis that macrophages have a role in intratumoral angiogenesis. 26,27,30 …”

Section: Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in uveal melanoma

Bronkhorst

Jager

2012

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leukocytic infiltration is a common feature of human cancers, including those that develop in immunoprivileged sites, such as the eye. The infiltration of myeloid and T cells into tumours is part of the host response against cancer. In uveal melanoma, high densities of immune cells seem to be involved in tumour progression, as they are associated with the loss of one chromosome 3. The nature of this tumour microenvironment might offer therapeutic opportunities.

show abstract

“…Higher number of TAMs has been associated with malignancy in different types of human tumours (Siveen&Kuttan, 2009), as breast carcinomas (Leek et al, 1996) and gliomas (Nishie et al, 1999). In human cutaneous melanoma (Torisu et al, 2000), uveal melanoma (Toivonen et al, 2004) and sinonasal melanoma (Shi et al, 2010) a high number of TAMs was closely associated with bad tumour phenotypes. These observations were in accordance with our results in canine melanocytic lesions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%