Microchip and ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Yb<sup>3+</sup>germanate glass

Khalid, Mamoona; Chen, George G.; Bei, Jiafang; Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, Heike; Lancaster, David G.

doi:10.1364/ome.9.003557

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The effect of nonlinear interaction of FSL with GPGN glass and the resulting modified index region in athermal (100 kHz) and thermal (1 MHz and 5 MHz) regimes of FSL are discussed, and the parameters to achieve lowest propagation loss in GPGN glass are presented. A high slope efficiency of ~ 28% is achieved for 1 MHz double line inscribed WG which is ~ 5 times higher than achieved with FSL parameters presented in our previous study 16 .…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…τ can roughly be estimated from the thermal diffusivity of the glass given by α (in m 2 /s) = κ/(ρ C p ) where κ is the thermal conductivity, ρ is the glass density and C p is the specific heat capacity. To evaluate α for GPGN glass we consider κ = 0.7 Wm −1 K −1 (for a lead-germanate glass in 26 ), ρ GPGN = 5.61 g/cm 3 16 and C p = 500 J/(kg K) (for another germanate glass in 27 ). The focusing conditions for the FSL used in this study (focusing radius ~ 0.2 μm for λ = 524 nm and NA = 1.25) leads to τ ~ 0.8 μs for GPGN glass which is comparable to the thermal diffusion time of glass mentioned in 28 (τ ~ 1 μs, for λ = 800 nm and NA = 1.4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NA of a WG is estimated by the 1550 nm probe beam divergence angle (θ) out of the WG. Using this estimated NA of the WG, and the refractive index of GPGN glass, the refractive index modification is estimated using 16 .…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we investigate a range of FSL inscribed low propagation loss single line and double line induced WGs in a rare earth doped lead-germanate glass GeO 2 -PbO-Ga 2 O 3 -Na 2 O (hereafter referred to as GPGN glass) and verify their near-IR lasing capability. The selection of this composition of GPGN glass is based on the fact that its low loss fabrication has extensively been researched for mid-IR fibers 7 , 16 , 17 . Employing GPGN glass for this study extends its utilization to inscribe low loss waveguides for laser applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Khalid

Chen

Ebendorff-Heidepreim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in both the athermal and thermal FSL writing regimes using three different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF): 100 kHz (athermal); 1 MHz; and 5 MHz (thermal). The lasing capability of Yb3+ doped lead-germanate waveguides is verified in the near-IR. The refractive index contrast (∆n) for 100 kHz WGs is ~ 1 × 10–4, while for 5 MHz, ∆n increases to ~ 5 × 10–4. The WGs in the thermal regime are less effected by self-focusing and are larger in dimensions with reduced propagation losses. For the 1 MHz repetition rate thermal writing regime we report a low propagation loss WG (0.2 dB/cm) and demonstrate laser operation with slope efficiencies of up to ~ 28%.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Khalid

Chen

Ebendorff-Heidepreim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The 900 mW, 8 µm single mode 976 nm laser diode was utilized to pump the Yb 3+ ions in the germanate sample using the setup discussed in our previous work [19]. The 1.5 mm collimated beam was passed through f = 26 mm focusing lens to focus it down to ~20 µm to match the mode size of the waveguide.…”

Section: Nm Laser Operation In the Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband fluorescence emission and laser demonstration in large mode waveguide structure in Yb3+ doped germanate glass

Khalid¹

2021

Optica Applicata

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A stable composition (against crystallization) of germanate glass doped with Yb3+ for mid-infrared laser applications is presented. Broad emission spectrum of Yb3+ was obtained for the fabricated glass. Laser operation was demonstrated in 13 mm long waveguide written in the glass using a femtosecond laser operating at 524 nm center wavelength sending 250 fs ultrashort pulses. The resulting CW laser operated at 1.04 µm in the fundamental mode of the waveguide. The propagation loss through the waveguide was 0.6 dB/cm at 1550 nm for 45 µm diameter of the modified structure. The mode analysis of the developed waveguide structure is also presented in COMSOL Multiphysics to study the electric field distribution through different modes of propagation in the waveguide and the confinement loss associated to them.

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Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications

Tan

Zhang

Qiu

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Ultrafast laser direct writing (ULDW) is explored as a facile technique to induce unprecedented physical phenomena and functional structures three dimensionally in glass. The rapid prototyping and compatibility with a diversity of materials offer solutions to requirements for various applications and new emerging platforms in photonic circuits and networks, quantum platform, optical storage, nonlinear optics, and integrated multifunctional photonic chips. In this review, tuning the local thermal accumulation in the ULDW is demonstrated to provide a unique opportunity to induce a series of physical phenomena and produce structure modifications in glass beyond ULDW with negligible thermal accumulation. The device performance and fabrication efficiency are also improvable with adjusting local thermal accumulation. The principles of thermal ULDW, the generated structures and their applications are reviewed. This paper also gives an outlook to the basic challenges of thermal ULDW, and the important and promising directions for the future research.

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Microchip and ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Yb³⁺germanate glass

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Broadband fluorescence emission and laser demonstration in large mode waveguide structure in Yb3+ doped germanate glass

Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications

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Microchip and ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Yb3+germanate glass

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Broadband fluorescence emission and laser demonstration in large mode waveguide structure in Yb3+ doped germanate glass

Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications

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Product

Resources

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Microchip and ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Yb³⁺germanate glass