Microcellular injection molding of polymers: a review of process know-how, emerging technologies, and future directions

Jiang, Jing; Li, Zihui; Yang, Huaguang; Wang, Xiaofeng; Li, Qian; Turng, Lih‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.coche.2021.100694

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[7] Thus, considerable efforts have been committed to achieve high EMI shielding property at lower filler content. [9] CNTs and GNPs have been extensively used to improve the EMI shielding of polymers. [10] CNTs with a one-dimensional structure (1D) possess high aspect ratio and extremely small diameters, which can contribute to the formation of the conductive network structure and thereby result in low percolation threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites based on carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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In order to improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as functional fillers were chosen and employed in this work. The PVDF‐based composites were prepared through melt blending and the hybrid fillers exhibited fine interaction with PVDF matrix. CNTs and GNPs could act as heterogeneous nucleation agents for PVDF matrix, thus increased the crystallization peak temperature. The gradual formation of interconnected conductive network of hybrid fillers could improve the conductivity and rheological properties of PVDF effectively. Especially, in contrast to those of pure PVDF, about four orders of magnitude increment for their storage modulus and complex viscosity of PVDF/GNPs/CNTs composite as well as approximate 10 orders of magnitude improvement in their electrical conductivity were obtained. Adding 2 wt% CNTs in PVDF matrix could generate the conductive network and further GNPs addition was helpful to obtain higher EMI shielding effectiveness. The new PVDF samples would possess wide applications as electromagnetic shielding materials, on account of their simple processing, low‐cost and without use of organic solvent characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites based on carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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“…It had a density of 1.14 g/cm 3 and the melt point was 58 °C. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 , Alkali Industry Development Co., Ltd., China) with a density 2.159 g/cm 3 was applied as a porogen and a chemical foaming agent, which could be partly decomposed to CO 2 and water vapor at temperatures above 50 °C (especially under supercritical conditions).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Highly Interconnected Poly(ε-caprolactone)/cellulose Nanofiber Composite Foams by Microcellular Foaming and Leaching Processes

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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In this study, microcellular polycaprolactone (PCL)/sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite foams with highly interconnected porous structures were successfully fabricated by microcellular foaming and particle leaching processes. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) served as a physical foaming agent, NaHCO3 was chosen as a chemical foaming agent and porogen, and CNF acted as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. The effect of scCO2, NaHCO3, and CNF on pore structures and the cofoaming mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of NaHCO3 and CNF increased the melt strength of the PCL matrix significantly. During the foaming process, the presence of CNF can form a rigid network due to the hydrogen bonding or mechanical entanglement between individual nanofibers, improving the nucleating efficiency but slowing down the cell growth rate. Additionally, due to the interaction of “soft” PCL matrix and “hard” domains in a PCL-based composite during the foaming process, together with the NaHCO3 leaching process, highly interconnected cell structures appeared. The obtained PCL/NaHCO3/CNF composite foams had a cell size of 15.8 μm and cell density of 6.3 × 107 cells/cm3, as well as an open-cell content of 82%. The reported strategy in this paper may provide the guidelines and data supports for the fabrication of a PCL-based porous scaffold.

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“…Foams from extrusion, injection molding, and multilayering usually have the pore sizes distributed at the microscale [21][22][23]. The obtained XLPE wastes have large pellets (i.e., 5-10 mm) that would be hard to include in porous media.…”

Section: Xlpe Particulate Finingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE) Recycling via Foams

Bawareth

Ravichandran

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Efficient recycling of crosslinked polyethylene has been challenging due to manufacturing difficulties caused by chemical crosslinking. This study focuses on simple processing via solid waste powder generation and particle fining for the subsequent crosslinked polyethylene inclusion and dispersion in rigid polyurethane foam. In addition, the concentration effects of crosslinked polyethylene in polyurethane were studied, showing a well-controlled foam microstructure with uniform pores, retained strength, better thermal degradation resistance, and, more importantly, increased thermal capabilities. Thus, the simple mechanical processing of crosslinked polyethylene and chemical urethane foaming showed the massive potential of recycling large amounts of crosslinked polyethylene in foams for broad applications in food packaging, house insulation, and sound reduction.

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Microcellular injection molding of polymers: a review of process know-how, emerging technologies, and future directions

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Improved electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites based on carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Improved electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites based on carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Fabrication of Highly Interconnected Poly(ε-caprolactone)/cellulose Nanofiber Composite Foams by Microcellular Foaming and Leaching Processes

Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE) Recycling via Foams

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