Microcavity-integrated graphene waveguide: a reconfigurable electro-optical attenuator and switch

Sui, Guorong; Wu, Jun; Zhang, Yuehua; Yin, Chenhui; Gao, Xiumin

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30396-8

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The wavelength-dependent absorption A(λ) was inferred from the wavelength-dependent transmittance T(λ) and reflectance R(λ) (A(λ) = 1 − R(λ) − T(λ)) [ 71 , 72 ], by using the Wave Optics Module of Comsol Multiphysics software. Graphene optical properties were simulated by a wavelength-dependent complex refractive index

[ 73 , 74 ], where the single-layer graphene permittivity was [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]:

being

(2.5) [ 78 , 79 ], t G (0.35 nm) [ 80 , 81 ], and σ ( ω ) the intrinsic contribution to the graphene relative permittivity, the thickness of single layer graphene and the graphene optical conductivity, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements

et al. 2022

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Graphene is emerging as a promising material for the integration in the most common Si platform, capable to convey some of its unique properties to fabricate novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. For many real functions and devices however, graphene absorption is too low and must be enhanced. Among strategies, the use of an optical resonant cavity was recently proposed, and graphene absorption enhancement was demonstrated, both, by theoretical and experimental studies. This paper summarizes our recent progress in graphene absorption enhancement by means of Si/SiO2-based Fabry–Perot filters fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. Simulations and experimental achievements carried out during more than two years of investigations are reported here, detailing the technical expedients that were necessary to increase the single layer CVD graphene absorption first to 39% and then up to 84%. Graphene absorption increased when an asymmetric Fabry–Perot filter was applied rather than a symmetric one, and a further absorption increase was obtained when graphene was embedded in a reflective rather than a transmissive Fabry–Perot filter. Moreover, the effect of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation and of the polarization of the light was investigated in the case of the optimized reflective Fabry–Perot filter. Experimental challenges and precautions to avoid evaporation or sputtering induced damage on the graphene layers are described as well, disclosing some experimental procedures that may help other researchers to embed graphene inside PVD grown materials with minimal alterations.

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[ 73 , 74 ], where the single-layer graphene permittivity was [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]:

being

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, under thermal-equilibrium conditions, it is found that the refractive index of PNIPA exhibits a classical Boltzmann distribution depending on the heating power and manifests the threshold of the phase transition. This strategy combines microcavity photonics with microfluidics and phase change materials, in which not only the basic properties of phase change materials are well characterized with dual-mode, self-referencing spectra, but also the functional photonic devices, such as optical switches 26 and optical memories 27 , can be constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando monitoring transition dynamics of responsive polymer using optofluidic microcavities

et al. 2021

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Optical microcavities have become an attractive platform for precision measurement with merits of ultrahigh sensitivity, miniature footprint and fast response. Despite the achievements of ultrasensitive detection, optical microcavities still face significant challenges in the measurement of biochemical and physical processes with complex dynamics, especially when multiple effects are present. Here we demonstrate operando monitoring of the transition dynamics of a phase-change material via a self-referencing optofluidic microcavity. We use a pair of cavity modes to precisely decouple the refractive index and temperature information of the analyte during the phase-transition process. Through real-time measurements, we reveal the detailed hysteresis behaviors of refractive index during the irreversible phase transitions between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states. We further extract the phase-transition threshold by analyzing the steady-state refractive index change at various power levels. Our technology could be further extended to other materials and provide great opportunities for exploring on-demand dynamic biochemical processes.

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“…Another approach to enhance the absorption of graphene is to exploit the constructive interference of the electromagnetic radiation inside an optical multilayer structure. − The multilayer Fabry–Perot (FP) filter is one of the most effective structures allowing for a high absorption enhancement. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Mid-Infrared Absorption (84%) of Single-Layer Graphene in a Reflective Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Filter: Implications for Photodetectors

Nematpour

Lisi

Lancellotti

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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There is a growing interest toward graphene and 2D materials for their exceptional geometrical, optical, and electronic features, which make them unique for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Achieving extraordinarily high absorption by the electric field enhancement on a single atomic plane is a challenging goal for physics and for many of the abovementioned uses. We demonstrate here experimentally for the first time a great enhancement absorption on a large (1 in.) optical device based on single-layer chemical vapor deposition graphene (SLG) by exploiting the electric field inside an asymmetric Fabry−Perot resonator fabricated by radio frequency sputtering. In such a filter, graphene absorption of 84% peaked at 3150 nm is obtained, in very good agreement with COMSOL Multiphysics calculations. Absorption intensity and bandwidth are modeled as a function of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation, and the optical constants of SLG are obtained as a function of Fermi energy. The Raman spectrum measured on the SLG in the Fabry−Perot cavity proves the effectiveness of the fabrication method in preserving graphene's physical properties. Our results disclose exciting potentialities for building visible and infrared optical light-absorbing devices based on 2D materials.

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Microcavity-integrated graphene waveguide: a reconfigurable electro-optical attenuator and switch

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements

Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements

Operando monitoring transition dynamics of responsive polymer using optofluidic microcavities

Experimental Mid-Infrared Absorption (84%) of Single-Layer Graphene in a Reflective Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Filter: Implications for Photodetectors

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