Microcavity exciton polaritons at room temperature

Abstract

The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at room temperature. In the past few decades, a wide range of novel semiconductor systems supporting robust exciton polaritons have emerged, which has led to the realization of various fascinating phenomena and practical applications. This paper aims to review recent theoretical and experimental developments of exciton polaritons operating at room temperature, and includes a comprehensive theoretical background, descriptions of intriguing phenomena observed in various physical systems, as well as accounts of optoelectronic applications. Specifically, an in-depth review of physical systems achieving room temperature exciton polaritons will be presented, including the early development of ZnO and GaN microcavities and other emerging systems such as organics, halide perovskite semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Finally, a perspective of outlooking future developments will be elaborated.

From cavity optomechanics to cavity-less exciton optomechanics: a review

“…The polarization wave coupling with the electromagnetic wave forms a “coupled state”, which is called an exciton–polariton. 82,100,135 The dispersion curves of an exciton–polariton are shown in Fig. 5(c).…”

Exciton–Photon Interactions in Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Microcavities

“…Investigation of light–matter interactions in semiconductor microcavities − is fundamentally important for developing the next-generation photonic and polaritonic applications, such as on-chip light sources, optical communications, quantum computing, and optical interconnects. The emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with direct-band gaps, − such as atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites, gallium monochalcogenides, and black phosphorus (BP), are becoming the promising active media for further developing 2D semiconductor microcavities.…”

Liquid light at room temperature

“…In their recent review article Ghosh et al provide an overview of room-temperature polaritonics, which may be also referred to as physics of liquid light [1] . The quanta of liquid light, exciton polaritons, combine properties of photons and of excitons, electrically neutral semiconductor crystal quasiparticles.…”

“…They discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these systems emphasizing recent experimental findings in each system. The review also contains a significant theoretical component giving outsiders of the field an opportunity to catch up with the state-of-the-art in polaritonics [1] . In this aspect, it provides an excellent development to the recent review on polaritonics for classical and quantum computing [2] .…”

“…Out of all topics discussed in the review article [1] , I would like to comment on one of the most intriguing, from my point of view: the polariton qubits. Ghosh et al mostly focus on condensates of strongly interacting exciton polaritons, where, in the regime similar to a polariton blockade, qubits may be based on quantum fluctuations induced by a laser pulse on the top of a confined polariton condensate [4] .…”