Microbiotechnologies for steroid production

Donova, Marina V.

doi:10.1071/ma18039

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Microbial transformation can replace acid hydrolysis to produce diosgenin with high efficiency and environmental protection (Chen et al, 2018). At the same time, microbial biotechnologies play a significant role in the pharmaceutical steroid industry (Donova, 2018). The pharmacological effects of steroidal saponins are closely related to structural characteristics such as sugar chains, glycosyl types, and substituents (Wang et al, 2010;Prawat et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma

Chen

Huo³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Paridis Rhizoma is a natural medicine with strong anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous research have found that Fusarium sp. C39, an endophytic fungus isolated from Dioscorea nipponica which contains the similar chemical components, significantly increased the steroidal saponins content of Paridis Rhizoma by fermentation. In this study, the inhibitory effects of fermentated Paridis Rhizoma extract (PRE) on liver cancer cells (Hepal-6), cervical cancer cells (Hela), and lung cancer cells (A549) were determined to be stronger than that of the unfermented extract. For discovering the fermentation mechanism of PRE with Fusarium sp. C39, 36 components with obviously quantitative variations were screened out by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and 53 key genes involved in the metabolic pathways of steroidal saponins were identified by transcriptome. On the basis of comprehensively analyzing information from the metabonomics and transcriptome, it can be speculated that the increase of spirostanol saponins and nuatigenin-type saponins enhanced the inhibitory effect of fermented PRE on cancer cell proliferation. Under the action of glycosidase, glycosyltransferase, oxidoreductases, and genes involved in sterol synthesis, strain C39 achieved the synthesis of diosgenin and the alteration of configurations, sugar chain and substituent of steroidal saponins. The research suggested a microbial transformation approach to increase the resource utilization and activity of Paris polyphylla.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma

Chen

Huo³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…However, at present, PS also emerge as cost-effective substrates for optimized bioconversion into steroid intermediates (known as synthons) by genetically engineered strains [ 17 , 342 ]. The concept of steroid biotransformation is far from being new (1950s) [ 343 ] but considering that steroid-based drugs are one of the highest marketed categories of pharmaceuticals [ 342 , 344 ], the possibility of bypassing classical steroid synthesis approaches or direct extraction from plant/animal sources makes this a growing area of industrial biotechnology, which is also reflected in several patented works ( Figure 11 ) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 28 ]. In fact, large-scale industrial PS bioconversion to key androstane-type synthons has already been introduced in Germany, USA, China, India, among others [ 17 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With preferential cheap raw materials from already discussed sources, cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and brassicasterol can be considered the main substrates. Products of PS biotransformation can include C-19 synthons such as androstenedione (AD) and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD), and C-22 derivatives such as 20-hydroxymethylpregna-1,4-dien-3-one (20-HMP), all of which are a staple in chemical synthesis of several key steroids, including sex hormones, anabolic steroids, and adrenocortical hormones [ 17 , 343 ]. In general terms, the main process comprises a selective sidechain cleavage of the sterol molecule and the transformation of the 3-β-ol-5,6-dehydro structure of the steroid nucleus to a 3-keto-4-ene via catabolic enzymatic systems, such as in sitosterol biotransformation to AD by Mycobacterium sp.…”

Section: Applications Of Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NRRL B-3805, described to involve 11 catabolic enzymes in a 14-consecutive-step pathway [ 345 ]. Single-step conversions, such as for testosterone [ 346 ] and boldenone [ 347 ], have also been described but, in general, most methods will require additional steps, e.g., chemical protection/deprotection of 3-β-OH functionality and/or final chemical steps [ 342 , 343 ]. The recombinant DNA strategies involved in the main steroid bioprocesses were reviewed elsewhere [ 344 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production

Evtyugin,

Evtuguin,

Casal

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Plant sterols (PS) are cholesterol-like terpenoids widely spread in the kingdom Plantae. Being the target of extensive research for more than a century, PS have topped with evidence of having beneficial effects in healthy subjects and applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, many gaps in several fields of PS’s research still hinder their widespread practical applications. In fact, many of the mechanisms associated with PS supplementation and their health benefits are still not fully elucidated. Furthermore, compared to cholesterol data, many complex PS chemical structures still need to be fully characterized, especially in oxidized PS. On the other hand, PS molecules have also been the focus of structural modifications for applications in diverse areas, including not only the above-mentioned but also in e.g., drug delivery systems or alternative matrixes for functional foods and fats. All the identified drawbacks are also superimposed by the need of new PS sources and technologies for their isolation and purification, taking into account increased environmental and sustainability concerns. Accordingly, current and future trends in PS research warrant discussion.

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“…As one of the well-known androgen steroids, androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) was extensively used as an important precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormone medicines in the pharmaceutical industry [1]. Traditionally, ADD was obtained from natural steroids such as sapogenin and diosgenin using multistep chemical degradation and modification methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Environment Improvement of Mycobacterium neoaurum for Enhancing Androst-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione Production by Manipulating NADH and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels

et al. 2019

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As one of the most significant steroid hormone precursors, androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) could be used to synthesize many valuable hormone drugs. The microbial transformation of sterols to ADD has received extensive attention in recent years. In a previous study, Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12 was isolated and converted sterols to the major product, ADD. In this work, we enhanced ADD yield by improving the cell intracellular environment. First, we introduced a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase from Bacillus subtilis to balance the intracellular NAD+ availability in order to strengthen the ADD yield. Then, the catalase gene from M. neoaurum was also over-expressed to simultaneously scavenge the generated H2O2 and eliminate its toxic effects on cell growth and sterol transformation. Finally, using a 5 L fermentor, the recombinant strain JC-12yodC-katA produced 9.66 g/L ADD, which increased by 80% when compared with the parent strain. This work shows a promising way to increase the sterol transformation efficiency by regulating the intracellular environment.

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Microbiotechnologies for steroid production

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma

Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma

Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production

Intracellular Environment Improvement of Mycobacterium neoaurum for Enhancing Androst-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione Production by Manipulating NADH and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels

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