Microbiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave

Martino, Cameron; Dilmore, Amanda Hazel; Burcham, Zachary M.; Metcalf, Jessica L.; Jeste, Dilip V.; Knight, Rob

doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00768-z

Cited by 107 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Unlike geography, we could not properly age-match the participants between our studies, and there was a notable age difference between the two cohorts ( Table 1 ). It is known that age can affect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome [ 82 ], including intestinal fungi which can differ in diversity and composition from infancy to adulthood [ 83 ]. However, little is known about how fungal populations change throughout adulthood as previous work has not compared older adults to younger ones [ 84 , 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have an Altered Gut Microbiome Composition of Fungi and Protozoa

et al. 2022

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It is known that the bacterial gut microbiome is altered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but far less is known about the role of eukaryotic microorganisms in IBD. While eukaryotes are rarer than bacteria within the gastrointestinal environment, the current literature suggests that they may also be implicated in IBD. In our study, we characterized these often-neglected eukaryotic microbial communities by identifying fungi and protozoa in published shotgun stool metagenomes from 355 people with IBD (206 with Crohn’s disease, 126 with ulcerative colitis, and 23 with IBD-unclassified) and 471 unaffected healthy individuals. The individuals with IBD had a higher prevalence of fungi, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a lower prevalence of protozoa, particularly Blastocystis species (subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 4). Regression analysis showed that disease state, age, and BMI were associated with the prevalence and abundance of these two genera. We also characterized the eukaryotic gut microbiome in a shotgun stool metagenomic dataset from people with IBD who received fecal transplants, with samples pre- and post-transplantation, and from their donors. We found that in some FMT recipients, a single eukaryotic species remained stable over time, while in other recipients, the eukaryotic composition varied. We conclude that the eukaryotic gut microbiome is altered and varies over time in IBD, and future studies should aim to include these microbes when characterizing the gut microbiome in IBD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have an Altered Gut Microbiome Composition of Fungi and Protozoa

et al. 2022

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“…However, the median age of patients was significantly higher than controls (Table 1). This heterogeneity in terms of age should be taken under consideration particularly, in the analysis of the gut microbiota composition as there were demonstrated remarkable changes in the gut microbial community across human life stages [49]. There was observed an increase in microbial diversity in early life, a relatively stable microbial community in adult life, and decreased microbial alpha diversity in late life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Outcome of the anti-PD-1 Therapy of Melanoma in Polish Patients Is Mediated by Population-Specific Gut Microbiome Composition

Pietrzak¹,

Tomela²,

Olejnik-Schmidt³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The study investigated the association between response to the anti-PD-1 therapy and the baseline gut microbiome in the Polish cohort of melanoma patients, alongside selected agents modifying the microbiome. Sixty-four melanoma patients enrolled for the anti-PD-1 therapy and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. Response to the treatment was assessed according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, and patients were classified as responders or non-responders. The association between selected extrinsic factors and response was investigated using questionnaire-based analysis, and metataxonomics of the microbiota. The Bacteroidota to Firmicutes ratio was higher, and the richness was decreased in the responders. The abundance of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides uniformis was related to the response, whereas non-responder gut microbiota was enriched with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Desulfovibrio intestinalis, and some unclassified Firmicutes. Dietary patterns, including plant, dairy, and fat consumption, but also gastrointestinal tract functioning were significantly associated with the therapeutic effects of the therapy. The specific gut microbiota alongside diet were found associated with response to the therapy in the Polish population of melanoma patients.

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“…Protein hydrolysates containing food peptides also between each stage of life, from birth to death (27). By far, the most heavily colonized organ is the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which harbors a complex microbial ecosystem.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds In Health Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature has the answers: Discovering and validating natural bioactives for human health

Kussmann¹,

Cunha²

2022

BCHD

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Nature has the answer to many of our questions about human health. Natural bioactives, especially when derived from sustainable plant and food sources, provide a plethora of molecular solutions to nutritionally actionable, chronic conditions. The spectrum of these conditions, such as metabolic, immune, and gastrointestinal disorders, has changed with prolonged human life span, which should be matched with an appropriately extended health span: “adding years to life and adding life to years”. Natural bioactives can be classified into micronutrients (i.e., vitamins, and minerals), phytonutrients, bioactive peptides,and pre-, pro-, post- and synbiotics. Bioactives act in concert and interact with the human host and its (gut) microbiome. Therefore, the future of translational science on natural bioactives is being built on a: (a) systems-level rather than reductionist approaches to understanding their interdependent, and at times additive functions, as well as their interactions with the human host and (gut) microbiome; and (b) the leverage of artificial intelligence for discovery and validation, thereby substantially reducing the time from idea and concept to finished solutions for consumers and patients. Rather than focusing on a particular class of bioactive food molecules, as often done in molecular food and nutrition articles, this review embraces a broad range of these bioactives and puts them into perspective regarding a more efficient and sustainable leverage of the biochemical richness of plants and foods for its diverse positive effects on human health.Keywords: bioactive, micronutrient, phytonutrient, prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, peptide, artificial intelligence, discovery, validation

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Microbiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave

Cited by 107 publications

References 216 publications

Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have an Altered Gut Microbiome Composition of Fungi and Protozoa

Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have an Altered Gut Microbiome Composition of Fungi and Protozoa

A Clinical Outcome of the anti-PD-1 Therapy of Melanoma in Polish Patients Is Mediated by Population-Specific Gut Microbiome Composition

Nature has the answers: Discovering and validating natural bioactives for human health

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