Microbiota Profile with Stunting Children in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microbiota profile plays an important role in the growth of children. Recently, a number of microbiota profile studies have illustrated association with child stunting.
 AIM: Here, this study applied microbiota profile for stunting children in Indonesia to know a framework for future activities toward further characterization of microbiota profile contribution to stunting.
 METHODS: In this case–control study, we collected 96 samples with 48 stunting children and 48 non-stunting children in Pasaman and West Pasaman district as stunting locus areas in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. All study subjects met the inclusion criteria: Children ≤3 years of age and they did not suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. Samples collected were then carried out by intestinal bacterial DNA extraction. All sequences were obtained from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, which was amplified from microbial DNA extracted from a child fecal sample. Bioinformatic analysis of microbiota DNA sequencing results compared with the intestinal microbiota profile of infants.
 RESULTS: This study found in intestinal of stunting children identified 61 species of bacteria which were only found in the intestines of stunting children and not found in non-stunting children. The dominant bacteria in intestinal microbiota profile of Pasaman and West Pasaman district, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia, among stunting children were Firmicutes (47.52%), Proteobacteria (21.12%), and Bacteroidetes (16.15%). The high number of these microbiota associated with high amount of carbohydrate intake among stunting children than dietary protein.
 CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the role of microbiota profile in the incidence of stunting children.

Adequate Vitamin A Levels with Stunting Adolescents of Minangkabau Ethnicity in Indonesia: A Case-Control Study

“…Previous studies have found a high incidence of stunting in children with Vitamin A deficiency [16], [17]. This happens because parenting patterns and consumption of children are known to be inadequate according to the recommended Vitamin A needs.…”

The nutritional content, omega fatty acids, and amino acids profiles of sorghum-moringa substituted tapioca noodles

“…Research conducted by Maulidiana and Sutjiati [6] reported that stunting children had insufficient intake IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1169/1/012097 2 of essential amino acids. This was supported by the finding of gut microbiota profiles that were associated with a high intake of carbohydrates and low intake of dietary fiber in stunted children [7,8]. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium, were also reported to be positively correlated with stunting because they can interfere with growth factors [9,10,11,12].…”

Systematic review of associations between gut microbiome composition and stunting in under-five children

“…Summary of included studies. Of the fourteen included studies, eight were conducted in Asia (Bangladesh [22][23][24][25] , India 26,27 , Indonesia 28,29 , five in Africa (Malawi 25,30,31 , Zimbabwe 32 Madagascar, and the Central African Republic 33 and two in Peru, South America 34,35 . Six studies assessed childlevel microbiome characteristics at one time point: four were crosssectional studies 27,28,33 , and two were case-control studies 22,23 .…”

“…Six studies assessed childlevel microbiome characteristics at one time point: four were crosssectional studies 27,28,33 , and two were case-control studies 22,23 . Eight studies evaluated the gut microbiome over a period of time: five [24][25][26]29,30 assessed the microbiome in stunted children at baseline, and another followed up time point, while three studies 31,34,35 followed healthy children and compared the gut microbiome in those who developed stunting with those who did not. The age of the children in the study population varied between studies from birth (0 days) to 5 years, while the number of study participants ranged from 20 to 404.…”