Microbiota of the Genitourinary Tract

Sycuro, Laura K.; Fredricks, David N.

doi:10.1002/9781118409855.ch8

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Individual bacterial taxa associated with bacterial vaginosis had mixed associations with GBS colonization. Veillonella species are commonly identified in the vagina, have been associated with BV [32,33], and were associated with GBS-positive status. BVAB1 was strongly associated with GBS-negative status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcus and the Vaginal Microbiota

Rosen

Randis

Desai

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcus and the Vaginal Microbiota

Rosen

Randis

Desai

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Among the distinct ecological environments of the human body, the vaginal microbiota is the least diverse [12], where bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus predominate in the majority of healthy women (> 70%) [10,11]. A healthy vaginal microbiota includes from four to 12 different species [13], and the species that dominate individual microbiota include Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri , and Lactobacillus iners [11,14]. Their use for re-establishing the dominance of lactobacilli in vaginal dysbiosis (e.g., bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis) is therefore rational, and might even be the most justified among the different applications of these probiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electrospinning on the Viability of Ten Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers

et al. 2019

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Lactic acid bacteria can have beneficial health effects and be used for the treatment of various diseases. However, there remains the challenge of encapsulating probiotics into delivery systems with a high viability and encapsulation efficacy. The electrospinning of bacteria is a novel and little-studied method, and further investigation of its promising potential is needed. Here, the morphology, zeta potential, hydrophobicity, average cell mass, and growth characteristics of nine different species of Lactobacillus and one of Lactococcus are characterized. The electrospinning of polymer solutions containing ~10 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL lactic acid bacteria enabled the successful incorporation of all bacterial species tested, from the smallest (0.74 µm; Lactococcus lactis) to the largest (10.82 µm; Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus), into poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers with an average diameter of ~100 nm. All of these lactobacilli were viable after incorporation into nanofibers, with 0 to 3 log CFU/mg loss in viability, depending on the species. Viability correlated with the hydrophobicity and extreme length of lactic acid bacteria, whereas a horizonal or vertical electrospinning set-up did not have any role. Therefore, electrospinning represents a promising method for the incorporation of lactic acid bacteria into solid delivery systems, while drying the bacterial dispersion at the same time.

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“…In contrast, beta diversity is directly proportional to taxonomical differences between samples [ 104 , 106 , 107 ]. The FGT microbiome encompasses a heterogenous ecosystem with distinct microbiota density and composition at and within the lower and the upper female genital tract (LGT and UGT) [ 108 ] The vaginal microbiome at the LGT, consisting of ~200–300 bacterial species, has the lowest species-level alpha diversity, low beta diversity at the genus level compared to the microbiome from other anatomical niches, and high beta diversity at the species level [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]. Disruption to the composition of the “core healthy microbiota” (dysbiosis) or natural changes in the microbiome due to the changes in female physiology, results in changes to the FGT ecology ( Figure 3 ) [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Interactions Between N Gonorrhoeae and Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disruption to the composition of the “core healthy microbiota” (dysbiosis) or natural changes in the microbiome due to the changes in female physiology, results in changes to the FGT ecology ( Figure 3 ) [ 111 , 112 ]. In general, bacterial mass at the LGT is several orders of magnitude higher than the UGT, whereas LGT microbiota is less diverse than the UGT [ 108 , 110 ]. Lactobacillus iners or Lactobacillus crispatus are the predominant microbes in a healthy vagina (LGT), followed by Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus gasseri , which are known to play a crucial role in the vaginal microbiome homeostasis [ 105 , 108 , 113 ].…”

Section: Interactions Between N Gonorrhoeae and Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, bacterial mass at the LGT is several orders of magnitude higher than the UGT, whereas LGT microbiota is less diverse than the UGT [ 108 , 110 ]. Lactobacillus iners or Lactobacillus crispatus are the predominant microbes in a healthy vagina (LGT), followed by Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus gasseri , which are known to play a crucial role in the vaginal microbiome homeostasis [ 105 , 108 , 113 ]. Non- lactobacillus genera including Gardenella , Prevotella , Peptoniphilus , Peptostreptococcus , Anaerococcus , Veillonella , Megasphaera , Leptotrichia , Sneathia , or Atopobium represent a small proportion of the healthy vaginal microbiome [ 108 , 114 ].…”

Section: Interactions Between N Gonorrhoeae and Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Drive Emergent Pathogenetic Properties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2022

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhea, with an estimated 87 million annual cases worldwide. N. gonorrhoeae predominantly colonizes the male and female genital tract (FGT). In the FGT, N. gonorrhoeae confronts fluctuating levels of nutrients and oxidative and non-oxidative antimicrobial defenses of the immune system, as well as the resident microbiome. One mechanism utilized by N. gonorrhoeae to adapt to this dynamic FGT niche is to modulate gene expression primarily through DNA-binding transcriptional regulators. Here, we describe the major N. gonorrhoeae transcriptional regulators, genes under their control, and how these regulatory processes lead to pathogenic properties of N. gonorrhoeae during natural infection. We also discuss the current knowledge of the structure, function, and diversity of the FGT microbiome and its influence on gonococcal survival and transcriptional responses orchestrated by its DNA-binding regulators. We conclude with recent multi-omics data and modeling tools and their application to FGT microbiome dynamics. Understanding the strategies utilized by N. gonorrhoeae to regulate gene expression and their impact on the emergent characteristics of this pathogen during infection has the potential to identify new effective strategies to both treat and prevent gonorrhea.

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Microbiota of the Genitourinary Tract

Cited by 3 publications

References 177 publications

Group B Streptococcus and the Vaginal Microbiota

Group B Streptococcus and the Vaginal Microbiota

Effects of Electrospinning on the Viability of Ten Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers

Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Drive Emergent Pathogenetic Properties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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