Microbiota-Gut-Brain Signaling: A Minireview

Abstract

The gut microbiota of vertebrates, including humans, constitutes an integral genomic part that, together with the genome of the host, may be included under the umbrella concept of hologenome, which itself can be seen as one of the possible tools for evolution. Present-day lifestyles, technologically processed nutrients, and various diseases impact significantly upon composition of the intestinal microbiota. Knowledge recently brought to light has shown the gut microbiota to be a component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis having feedback effects on physiological and psychological processes of the host organism and its health. This minireview summarizes current knowledge and opinions on the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and discusses possibilities for beneficially modulating one of the organism's most vital axes.

Molecular Characterization of Alcohol-Ether Extract From Bovine Tissue

“…How can we explain the multiple effects of animal tissue extracts demonstrated in clinical settings? One explanation can be modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (11,12). An alternative explanation can be sought in direct ligations of corresponding receptors by individual components of the extracts after their absorption and general distribution throughout the organism by bodily fluids, whereupon their effects would initiate at the cellular level.…”

Gut Microbiota Alterations by Nutritional Supplement Imuregen

“…The consortium of the host and its microbiota together dictates the health status of the metaorganism. The modulatory effect of a mammal's gut microbiome has been documented in relation to the immune system's maturation and its function (2), orchestration of microbiota-gut-brain communication (3)(4)(5), and influencing the origin and therapy of cancers (6,7). Knowledge as to how the microbiota interacts with the host and its constituent species with one another nevertheless remains elusive (8).…”