Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

Long-Smith, Caitríona M.; O’Riordan, Kenneth J.; Clarke, Gerard; Stanton, Catherine; Dinan, Timothy G.; Cryan, John F.

doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023628

Cited by 270 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…The presence of Candida albicans may perhaps also be associated with worse psychiatric symptoms in males with schizophrenia. Finally, there appears to be an association between schizophrenia severity and the specific genera of bacteria, including Veillonella and Lachnospira [250]. Imaging studies in schizophrenia have revealed reduced gray matter thickness and abnormal functional connectivity.…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Novellino

Saccà

Donato

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The intricate relationships between innate immunity and brain diseases raise increased interest across the wide spectrum of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier, and innate immunity cells such as microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in triggering disease events in these groups, through the action of many different cytokines. Chronic inflammation can lead to dysfunctions in large-scale brain networks. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia, are associated with a substrate of dysregulated immune responses that impair the central nervous system balance. Recent evidence suggests that similar phenomena are involved in psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The present review summarizes and discusses the main evidence linking the innate immunological response in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, thus providing insights into how the responses of innate immunity represent a common denominator between diseases belonging to the neurological and psychiatric sphere. Improved knowledge of such immunological aspects could provide the framework for the future development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Novellino

Saccà

Donato

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Over the past 10 years, the researchers have been very concerned and interested in the role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain function, although the results were obtained mainly from animal models (Long-Smith et al, 2020 ). Microbiota may be a crucial predisposing factor for AD and other neurological disorders, which has been proven by a growing number of studies (Zhuang et al, 2018 ; Sochocka et al, 2019 ; Cryan et al, 2020 ; Long-Smith et al, 2020 ). AD has been considered as a systemic disease related to inflammation, and the inflammatory–infectious hypothesis of its pathogenesis becomes more significant (Bronzuoli et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Dysbiosis of Gut Microbes as a Future Therapeutic Manipulation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Zhu

Chu

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly an age-associated dementia with neurodegeneration. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and still remains unclear. The inflammation, amyloid β (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles as well misfolded tau protein in the brain may contribute to the occurrence and development of AD. Compared with tau protein, Aβ is less toxic. So far, all efforts made in the treatments of AD with targeting these pathogenic factors were unsuccessful over the past decades. Recently, many studies demonstrated that changes of the intestinal environment and gut microbiota via gut–brain axis pathway can cause neurological disorders, such as AD, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, remodeling the gut microbiota by various ways to maintain their balance might be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. In the review article, we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in AD and its animal models and investigated the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota in the treatment of the patients with AD in the future.

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“…Mechanisms potentially include binding to host receptors in the brain, stimulation of vagus nerve in the gut, alteration of central neurotransmission, and modulation of neuroinflammation [8,9]. Microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling can occur via several pathways including the immune system, recruitment of host neurochemical signaling, direct enteric nervous system routes and the vagus nerve, and the production of bacterial metabolite such as short-chain fatty acids, branchedchain amino acids, and peptide glycans [10,11].…”

Section: The Role Of Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain-Gut Team

Malagelada

2020

Dig Dis

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Background: Interactions between brain and gut have been suspected for centuries but our understanding of the neural centers and neurohormonal links that establish bidirectional regulatory communication between these 2 body systems has advanced significantly in the last decades. The label "brain-gut axis" designates a useful but deceivingly simple concept, since the mechanistic complexity of brain-gut interaction is enormous. Summary: The significance of the brain-gut axis is perhaps best conceived as "a team" since both systems are physiologically coordinated to ensure a healthy status. However, under pathophysiological conditions, the axis also contributes substantially to distort homeostasis. For instance, normal signals emanating from the gut may be inappropriately received and interpreted by the central nervous system that responds by inadequately recruiting other brain structures and generate both symptoms and commands that disturb normal gut activity. Key Messages: Thus, at each end and in the brain-gut connecting routes, there is the potential for altering perceived and unperceived sensations and further impinging on normal function.

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Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

Cited by 270 publications

References 178 publications

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Target Dysbiosis of Gut Microbes as a Future Therapeutic Manipulation in Alzheimer’s Disease

The Brain-Gut Team

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