Microbiota‐dependent and ‐independent effects of dietary fibre on human health

Cai, Yang; Folkerts, Jelle; Folkerts, Gert; Maurer, Marcus; Braber, Saskia

doi:10.1111/bph.14871

Cited by 87 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…The consequences of these direct interactions with cells of the intestinal immune barrier include strengthening of the mucus layer 13 , enhancing barrier function of epithelial cells 14 or modulating intestinal immune responses 15 . This direct interaction between dietary fibers and the intestinal immune system may be one of the mechanisms by which dietary fibers improve health and prevent disease 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells

2020

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Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells

2020

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“…Besides the effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota-independent effects and direct interactions of these oligosaccharides with different (immune) cells have raised more attention in recent years [114]. FOS was found to directly promote barrier integrity by increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression, through a protein kinase C (PKC) δ-dependent mechanism, in pathogen-challenged Caco-2Bbe1 cells (a Caco-2 subclone) and human intestinal organoids [115].…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Heat Stress: Intestinal Integrity Disruption and Mechanism-Based Intervention Strategies

et al. 2020

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The current climate changes have increased the prevalence and intensity of heat stress (HS) conditions. One of the initial consequences of HS is the impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity due to hyperthermia and hypoxia following blood repartition, which often results in a leaky gut followed by penetration and transfer of luminal antigens, endotoxins, and pathogenic bacteria. Under extreme conditions, HS may culminate in the onset of “heat stroke”, a potential lethal condition if remaining untreated. HS-induced alterations of the gastrointestinal epithelium, which is associated with a leaky gut, are due to cellular oxidative stress, disruption of intestinal integrity, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review summarizes the possible resilience mechanisms based on in vitro and in vivo data and the potential interventions with a group of nutritional supplements, which may increase the resilience to HS-induced intestinal integrity disruption and maintain intestinal homeostasis.

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“…Gut microbiota produces dietary-dependent, such as SCFAs, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and dietary-independent products, such as LPS, peptidoglycan, neurotransmitters, and hormones [61][62][63][64]. Catabolism of resistant starch and anaerobic fermentation of dietary non-digestible food components contribute to the production of SCFAs [65]. In healthy individuals, their amount and types are largely correlated to substrate availability, mostly polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, microbiota composition and intestinal transit time [66,67].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host

et al. 2020

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The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that inhabit symbiotically on and in the human intestine. They carry out, through the production of a series of metabolites, many important metabolic functions that complement the activity of mammalian enzymes and play an essential role in host digestion. Interindividual variability of microbiota structure, and consequently of the expression of its genes (microbiome), was largely ascribed to the nutritional regime. Diet influences microbiota composition and function with short- and long-term effects. In spite of the vast literature, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the role exerted by gut microbiota and, more specifically, by its metabolites in the establishment of the host epigenome. The interest in this topic stems from the fact that, by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, the gut microbiota does affect the cell activities of the hosting organism.

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Microbiota‐dependent and ‐independent effects of dietary fibre on human health

Cited by 87 publications

References 154 publications

The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells

The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells

Beyond Heat Stress: Intestinal Integrity Disruption and Mechanism-Based Intervention Strategies

Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host

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