Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Borre, Yuliya; O’Keeffe, Gerard W.; Clarke, Gerard; Stanton, Catherine; Dinan, Timothy G.; Cryan, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.05.002

Cited by 896 publications

(752 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…144 A few small clinical trials have shown beneficial effects for gluten free and casein free diets on symptoms of children with ASD 145,146 that could potentially be attributed to the change in gut microbiota. 4,8,19,61,128,147 Furthermore, in children with autism, the frequency of GI symptoms is increased 148,149 and has been attributed to a low-grade chronic inflammation in the GI tract caused by altered gut microbiota. In a clinical study, oral vancomycin was used as a minimally absorbed antibiotic to treat the GI problems, based on this theory.…”

Section: Emerging Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 This period is also critical for the development of the CNS leading to the suggestion, based on experimental models, that gut microbiota may be an important factor participating in the development of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes shortly after birth. 19,20 For example, germ free mice show significant alteration in the concentration of the key neurotransmitters such as serotonin in the hypothalamus. 21 Alterations in serotonin concentration can in turn affect several aspects of the development of central nervous system, including synapse formation and connectivity between various regions in the central nervous system and their plasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Emerging Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[21] Of note, these timeframes coincide with periods of low diversity and instability in the microbiota. [6,22,23] Although there are differences between humans and rodents in the specific taxonomic changes that contribute to age-related shifts in the microbiota, [22,23] the parallel periods of vulnerability in the amygdala and microbiota are observed across species, suggesting that these are key times for these structures to be mutually influential (see Figure 2). Fear and anxiety are overlapping, threat-related emotions that are mediated by similar neurocircuits.…”

Section: The Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] There are many approaches available to chart the impact of the gut microbiome on CNS function albeit many are used much more in preclinical than human studies. [1,6] These include dietary manipulations, administration of specific strains of bacteria (e.g., probiotics), interventions which support the growth of beneficial bacteria (e.g., prebiotics), germ free (microbiota deficient) mice, antibiotic treatments, C-section delivery, and fecal microbiota transplants. To date, the investigation of the effects of these microbiota manipulations on brain function has been difficult to map to specific brain regions.…”

Section: Introduction: the Microbiota-gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gutsy Moves: The Amygdala as a Critical Node in Microbiota to Brain Signaling

et al. 2017

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The amygdala is a key brain area regulating responses to stress and emotional stimuli, so improving our understanding of how it is regulated could offer novel strategies for treating disturbances in emotion regulation. As we review here, a growing body of evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may contribute to a range of amygdala-dependent brain functions from pain sensitivity to social behavior, emotion regulation, and therefore, psychiatric health. In addition, it appears that the microbiota is necessary for normal development of the amygdala at both the structural and functional levels. While further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of microbiota-to-amygdala communication, ultimately, this work raises the intriguing possibility that the gut microbiota may become a viable treatment target in disorders associated with amygdala dysregulation, including visceral pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, and beyond. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/O5gvxVJjX18

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“…8 Many factors influence the composition of the infant gut microbiota and the potential functional outcomes following colonization (reviewed in Borre et al 9 ). For example, infants born by vaginal delivery are colonized by the maternal microbiome (eg, fecal and vaginal bacteria), whereas infants born by cesarean delivery are exposed to different commensals from the skin and hospital environment.…”

Section: Development Of the Gastrointestinal M Icrobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Pain and Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Chichlowski

Rudolph

2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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A complex set of interactions between the microbiome, gut and brain modulate responses to visceral pain. These interactions occur at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa, and via local neural, endocrine or immune activity; as well as by the production of factors transported through the circulatory system, like bacterial metabolites or hormones. Various psychological, infectious and other stressors can disrupt this harmonious relationship and alter both the microbiome and visceral pain responses. There are critical sensitive periods that can impact visceral pain responses in adulthood. In this review we provide a brief background of the intestinal microbiome and emerging concepts of the bidirectional interactions between the microbiome, gut and brain. We also discuss recent work in animal models, and human clinical trials using prebiotics and probiotics that alter the microbiome with resultant alterations in visceral pain responses.

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Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Cited by 896 publications

References 108 publications

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Gutsy Moves: The Amygdala as a Critical Node in Microbiota to Brain Signaling

Visceral Pain and Gastrointestinal Microbiome

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