Microbiosensor based on glucose oxidase and hexokinase co-immobilised on platinum microelectrode for selective ATP detection

Enzyme Immobilization Strategies and Electropolymerization Conditions to Control Sensitivity and Selectivity Parameters of a Polymer-Enzyme Composite Glucose Biosensor

“…The ideal values of P (HP)% and P (AA)% for biosensor applications are therefore 100% and 0%, respectively. In addition, the concentration of other electroactive interference compounds in the brain, such as dopamine and its metabolites [55], are orders of magnitudes smaller than that of AA, ensuring that their contributions to PPD-based biosensor responses are insignificant [24,25,56–58]: $\mathrm{P}(\text{AA})\%=\frac{J_{\text{AA}}\left(1\hspace{0.17em}\text{mM}\right)\hspace{0.17em}\text{at Pt}/\text{PEC}}{J_{\text{AA}}\left(1\hspace{0.17em}\text{mM}\right)\hspace{0.17em}\text{at bare Pt}}\times 100\%$…”

Monitoring of the velocity of high-affinity glutamate uptake by isolated brain nerve terminals using amperometric glutamate biosensor

“…To prepare a PPD membrane, we immersed a three-electrode system with a bare working electrode in 5 mM solution of m-phenylenediamine (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Germany). Afterwards, we obtained 4-5 cyclic voltammograms and tested the effectiveness of PPD membrane [16]. Next, the bioselective elements were immobilized onto the PPD membrane surface.…”

Poly(benzoxazine) as an Immobilization Matrix for Miniaturized ATP and Glucose Biosensors

“…), they all have in common that usually high selectivity, sufficient sensitivity, and operational robustness as well as sufficient reproducibility in fabrication are required. The reproducible fabrication of transducers has been thoroughly refined within the last decades; however, the reproducible immobilization of the biological component retaining its activity while ensuring the immobilization at the transducer surface is still subject of ongoing research, which is reflected by the number of publications focusing on advanced immobilization strategies, e. g., for enzymes . The latter include adsorption, microencapsulation, entrapment, covalent attachment, and crosslinking, whereby entrapment in polymers is particularly attractive.…”

“…The reproducible fabrication of transducers has been thoroughly refined within the last decades; however, the reproducible immobilization of the biological component retaining its activity while ensuring the immobilization at the transducer surface is still subject of ongoing research, which is reflected by the number of publications focusing on advanced immobilization strategies, e. g., for enzymes. [11][12][13] The latter include adsorption, microencapsulation, entrapment, covalent attachment, and crosslinking, where-by entrapment in polymers is particularly attractive. The polymer matrix may be modified with additional redox centers, thus facilitating electron transfer between the electrode and the active center of the enzyme.…”