Microbiome‐modulating nutraceuticals ameliorate dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression of clinical trials

Abstract

AimsType 2 Diabetes is intrinsically linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) via diabetic dyslipidemia, both of which remain global health concerns with annually increasing prevalence. Given the established links between gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic diseases, its modulation is an attractive target to ameliorate metabolic imbalances in such patients. There is a need to quantitively summarise, analyse, and describe future directions in this field.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression following searches in major scientific databases for clinical trials investigating the effect of pro/pre/synbiotics on lipid profile published until April 2022. Data were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis and reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PROSPERO No. CRD42022348525.ResultsData from 47 trial comparisons across 42 studies (n = 2692) revealed that, compared to placebo/control groups, the administration of pro/pre/synbiotics was associated with statistically significant changes in total cholesterol (−9.97 mg/dL [95% CI: −15.08; −4.87], p < 0.0001), low‐density lipoprotein (−6.29 mg/dL [95% CI: −9.25; −3.33], p < 0.0001), high‐density lipoprotein (+3.21 mg/dL [95% CI: 2.20; 4.22], p < 0.0001), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (−4.52 mg/dL [95% CI: −6.36; −2.67], p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (−22.93 mg/dL [95% CI: −33.99; −11.87], p < 0.001). These results are influenced by patient characteristics such as age or baseline BMI, and intervention characteristics such as dosage and duration.ConclusionsOur study shows that adjunct supplementation with a subset of pro/pre/synbiotics ameliorates dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals and has the potential to reduce CVD risk. However, widespread inter‐study heterogeneity and the presence of several unknown confounders limit their adoption in clinical practice; future trials should be designed with these in mind.

Chrononutrition in cardiometabolic diseases: Current evidence and future perspectives

“…These articles include discussions on the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus 12 the role of transitioning from a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype to a metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on atherosclerotic risk and its related editorial written by experts in the field, 13,14 the role of pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in patients with post-bariatric surgery-related hypoglycaemia 15 and the effects of microbiome and nutraceutical in patients with type 2 diabetes. 16 In conclusion, this Special Issue will provide novel insights and clarifications on chrononutrition, but also on additional controversial topics. Finally, we hope that the articles we selected will further promote future preclinical and clinical studies to ultimately identify the most appropriate approaches to reduce the unacceptable high burden of CV and metabolic disease.…”

“…Finally, we have decided to include additional articles that do not necessarily relate to the topic of chrononutrition, but that we believe would still provide extremely important information in their related fields of dietetics, nutrition, and cardiometabolic diseases. These articles include discussions on the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus 12 the role of transitioning from a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype to a metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on atherosclerotic risk and its related editorial written by experts in the field, 13,14 the role of pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in patients with post‐bariatric surgery‐related hypoglycaemia 15 and the effects of microbiome and nutraceutical in patients with type 2 diabetes 16 …”

The Link between Gut Microbiome, Nutraceuticals, Diet, and Diabetes Mellitus: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Research and Emerging Trends from 2012 to 2022

“…Various bacteria have been investigated for their probiotic properties for potential benefit in various deranged aspects of T2DM (694)(695)(696)(697)(698). Bifidobacterium lactis promotes glycogen synthesis and suppresses gluconeogenesis in the liver, in addition to improving glucose uptake.…”