Microbiome composition differences among breeds impact feed efficiency in swine

Bergamaschi, Matteo; Tiezzi, Francesco; Howard, Jeremy; Huang, Yongjun; Gray, Kent; Schillebeeckx, Constantino; McNulty, Nathan P.; Maltecca, Christian

doi:10.21203/rs.2.22531/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In US commercial farms, nursery pigs typically gain about 0.667 kg of body weight for each kg of feed consumed [or 1.5 kg of feed for each kg of gain; (6)]. One component that can impact feed efficiency in swine is the bacterial population of their gastrointestinal tracts, as recent studies have shown that pigs with distinct microbiotas have different feed efficiencies (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another without it. From days 21 to 35 of age, the first group of piglets was fed carbadox at 55 mg/kg of diet; followed by 27.5 mg/kg from days 36 to 49; and 0 mg/kg from days 50 to 63. The second group of pigs was fed a control diet without carbadox from days 21 to 63 of age. On days 35, 49, and 63, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of 2 piglets in each pen, and the samples were subjected to microbial DNA sequencing and metagenomic functional analysis using the 16S rRNA gene. Feed conversion from days 21 to 63 was improved (P = 0.04) in the group of piglets fed carbadox. Faith's phylogenetic diversity was similar (P = 0.89) for both groups of piglets on day 35, but it was diminished (P = 0.01) in the carbadox-fed group on day 49; however, following the complete removal of carbadox from their diets, this microbial diversity index was once again found to be similar (P = 0.27) in both groups on day 63. Likewise, abundances of Slackia, Peptococcus, Catenibacterium, Coprococcus, and Blautia were all similar between the two groups (P ≥ 0.40) on day 35, but were smaller in the carbadox group (P ≤ 0.05) on day 49; however, on day 63, abundances of all these genera were once again similar (P ≥ 0.29). Metabolic pathways involved in cellular growth, death, and genetic information processing (translation) were found to be similarly expressed in the microbiota of piglets from both groups on day 35 (P ≥ 0.52), but decreased in the carbadox group on day 49 (P ≤ 0.05), and were similar again in both groups on day 63 (P ≥ 0.51). These results revealed that feeding carbadox to piglets during the first 4 weeks after weaning significantly affected their fecal microbiotas; however, 2 weeks after the removal of carbadox, those changes tended to disappear, indicating that the shifts were carbadox-dependent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs

et al. 2021

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“…Few studies in humans have investigated the effect of the host on the abundance of specific gut microbes 5,6 . In pigs, a small but growing body of literature has focused on investigating the host effect including genome and feed efficiency on the composition of the gut microbiome [7][8][9] . Researchers have previously explored how the pig gut microbiome is impacted by environmental factors such as nutrition 10 , weaning-associated stressors [11][12][13] , and management practices 14,15 .…”

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Heritability and genome-wide association of swine gut microbiome features with growth and fatness parameters

Bergamaschi

Maltecca

Schillebeeckx³

et al. 2020

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fix 3 & francesco tiezzi 1 ✉ Despite recent efforts to characterize longitudinal variation in the swine gut microbiome, the extent to which a host's genome impacts the composition of its gut microbiome is not yet well understood in pigs. The objectives of this study were: i) to identify pig gut microbiome features associated with growth and fatness, ii) to estimate the heritability of those features, and, iii) to conduct a genome-wide association study exploring the relationship between those features and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the pig genome. A total of 1,028 pigs were characterized. Animals were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 Beadchip. Microbiome samples from fecal swabs were obtained at weaning (Wean), at mid-test during the growth trial (MidTest), and at the end of the growth trial (OffTest). Average daily gain was calculated from birth to week 14 of the growth trial, from weaning to week 14, from week 14 to week 22, and from week 14 to harvest. Backfat and loin depth were also measured at weeks 14 and 22. Heritability estimates (±SE) of Operational Taxonomic Units ranged from 0.025 (±0.0002) to 0.139 (±0.003), from 0.029 (±0.003) to 0.289 (±0.004), and from 0.025 (±0.003) to 0.545 (±0.034) at Wean, MidTest, and OffTest, respectively. Several SNP were significantly associated with taxa at the three time points. These SNP were located in genomic regions containing a total of 68 genes. This study provides new evidence linking gut microbiome composition with growth and carcass traits in swine, while also identifying putative host genetic markers associated with significant differences in the abundance of several prevalent microbiome features.

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Microbiome composition differences among breeds impact feed efficiency in swine

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs

The Effects of Feeding Antibiotic on the Intestinal Microbiota of Weanling Pigs

Heritability and genome-wide association of swine gut microbiome features with growth and fatness parameters

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