Microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)

Niederwerder, Megan C.; Jaing, Crystal; Thissen, James B.; Cino‐Ozuna, Ada G.; McLoughlin, Kevin; Rowland, Raymond R. R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.008

Cited by 58 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The co‐infection of PCV2 with other pathogens such as PRRSV, PRV and HEV has been widely reported (Niederwerder et al., ; Sun et al., ; Yang et al., ). We also addressed the co‐infection of PCV3 with other pathogens, including CSFV, PRRSV, PRV, PPV and PCV2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the epidemic characteristics and evolutionary history of the novel porcine circovirus type 3 in southern China

Fang

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

110

140

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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly identified circovirus from swine in the USA, China and Poland. This novel circovirus has been associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation; moreover, PCV3 poses a potential threat to the swine industry. In this retrospective study, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to address the epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of this novel circovirus. The total positive sample rate of PCV3 was 26.7% (76/285) and has increased gradually over the past 3 years. Of these PCV3-positive samples, 22.3% (17/76) were coinfected with PCV2. PCV3 can be detected in multiple sample types with different positive rates, and the positive rate is highest among stillborn. We also divide PCV3 into three clades (PCV3a, PCV3b and PCV3c) based on two amino acid mutations (A24V and R27K) on the cap protein in this study. In addition, the origin of PCV3 was approximately 1966 and may have originated from a bat-associated circovirus. Our results suggested that PCV3 is widely distributed in southern China and has been circulating in swine herds for nearly half a century. PCV3 has evolved into different clades caused by mutations in cap proteins; thus, further research on PCV3 epidemiology should be conducted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of statistical uncertainty in each parameter estimate was given by the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) values. The co-infection of PCV2 with other pathogens such as PRRSV, PRV and HEV has been widely reported (Niederwerder et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015). We also addressed the co-infec-…”

Section: Phylogenetic and Evolution Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the epidemic characteristics and evolutionary history of the novel porcine circovirus type 3 in southern China

Fang

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

110

140

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“…In the case of pigs and other farm animals, it is important to know the interactions of gastrointestinal microbiota, since it is a significant issue for animal health status and production parameters such as meat quality, body weight as well as an enhanced immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) infection, as has been demonstrated in recent research on swine microbiota [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Swine’s Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices—A Review

Knecht

Cholewińska

Jankowska-Mąkosa

et al. 2020

Animals

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The development of research methods and tools related to microbiome investigation, as well as widened knowledge and awareness concerning the significance of microorganisms inhabiting mammalian organisms, has led to an increasing popularity of studies in this field. This review paper presents some issues related to the swine microbiome, its development starting from an early age of life and its status in adult animals, as well as factors affecting the microbiome in pigs. Attention is paid to the role of probiotics and prebiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in the context of post-weaning diarrhea treatment, and to the role of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract of pigs in performance indices formation. In veterinary and pork production practice, understanding of the swine microbiome and its relationships with the host organism may be useful in the prevention of some diseases and also in improvement of performance results of animals.

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“…Co-infection of PCV2 with other pathogens has been reported [19][20][21][22][23]. We also examined if PCV3 was concurrent with major diarrheal viruses ( Table 3).…”

Section: Co-infections Of Pcv3 With Other Swine Viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 in pigs in the southeastern Chinese province of Zhejiang

et al. 2019

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Background Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was first reported in US in 2016. The virus was also identified later in China. Prevalence of PCV3 in Zhejiang province in southeastern China is not clear though it has been reported in many parts of China. Results PCV3 infection and its co-infection with other swine viral pathogens in pig herds of Zhejiang province were retrospectively investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and its sero-prevalence by indirect ELISA. PCV3 was found positive in 67.1% of the 283 clinical samples taken from 2014 to 2017 as shown by qPCR. Single infection with PCV3 accounted for only one-third of the samples, and majority were of co-infections, predominantly with PEDV (41.6%) but generally low with other swine viruses. Indirect ELISA using the PCV3 capsid protein as the coating antigen revealed an average sero-positive rate of 52.6% (40.8 to 60.8%) in 2345 serum samples from 2011 to 2017, with earliest yet high positive findings in samples taken in 2012. Of 203 serum samples, the qPCR method showed more positive findings than ELISA (81.3% vs 56.2%). With 89 serum samples negative by ELISA, vast majority ( n = 81) were found positive by qPCR. There was negative correlation in levels of PCV3 DNA and anti-capsid antibody response. ORF2-based phylogenetic analysis revealed three major groups (PCV3a, PCV3b and PCV3c) of the 200 strains, 38 from this study and 162 reference strains from GenBank. Most of the strains from this study were clustered into PCV3c. Of the putative signature residues of the capsid protein (aa 24, 27, 77 and 150) relative to the three groups, only the PCV3a group strains showed a distinct pattern of residues VKSI (95% of the strains), while the other two groups did not have such a ‘signature’ pattern. Conclusions Results from this study provided further evidence that the novel virus PCV3 was widely distributed in China and might have emerged in Zhejiang province before 2014, most probably back in 2012 when there was high PCV3 sero-prevalence. PCV3 might be viremic in pigs and could spread by fecal shedding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1977-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Insights into the epidemic characteristics and evolutionary history of the novel porcine circovirus type 3 in southern China

Insights into the epidemic characteristics and evolutionary history of the novel porcine circovirus type 3 in southern China

Development of Swine’s Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices—A Review

Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 in pigs in the southeastern Chinese province of Zhejiang

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